Arizona Safety Council Notes

ARIZONA HIGHWAYS ARIZONA SAFETY COUNCIL NOTES

PROPER arm signals save lives every day.

DO YOU KNOW that if your car is traveling at a speed of 30 miles per hour, that it is moving at a speed of 44 feet per second.

40 miles per hour 59 feet per second.

50 miles per hour 74 feet per second.

60 miles per hour 88 feet per second.

70 miles per hour-103 feet per second.

ACCIDENTS cost money and life-be an economist.

The Arizona Motor Vehicle Accident Analysis for 1936 is now completed and a copy is yours for the asking.

The economic loss resulting from the total 1936 accidents, based on $10,000 for an injury and $50.00 for the minimum car damage, would amount to $5,172,750.00. Is it not time for us to make this accident situation a personal matter?

Have your brakes and lights checked frequently.

COOPERATION such as this is deserving of praise. The schedule of activities of the Arizona Highway Patrol from January 1, to February 20, reports that: 3,344 motor vehicles were stopped for faulty lights and sent in to service stations for immediate repairs.

122 bicycles seized without proper lights.

3,120 motor vehicles stopped for running through boulevard stops.

Carbon Monoxide is a colorless, tasteless gas, without odor. It takes only a few minutes, under the proper conditions, to cause unconsciousness, perhaps followed by death.

When you feel drowsy while driving, keep in mind that this deadly gas might be escaping from a defective exhaust system and that perhaps it has seeped between floor-boards sufficiently to destroy alertness and good judgment.

Always leave a window open while driving. Never start your motor withgarage closed. Plenty of fresh air is the enemy of carbon monoxide.

THE SAFETY PAGE, a regular feature of ARIZONA HIGH-WAYS, appears through the courtesy of the National Safety Council, Chicago, Ill., and the Arizona State Safety Council, Ethel Hickman, sec-retary. Address all communications to Mrs. Hickman, Arizona Highway Department, Phoenix, Ariz.

Persons whose job is driving need to be doubly careful.

Yuma County Safety Council reports a very fine meeting held Friday evening, February 26, and a tag day Saturday, February 27th, (the proceeds from which will be used for safety programs). This council advises that they expect to have a membership of over two thousand the first part of March. Traffic lanes have been painted in Yuma and signal lights installed. Here's a "pat on the back" for Yuma Safety Council-they are working down there.

Let the white line be your guide.

The Maricopa County Safety Council has received some splendid cooperation from all law enforcement bodies recently.

Running red lights-failing to make boulevard stops, etc., are dangerous practices in Maricopa County. Your enforcement officers are willing and glad to help, but they need your support.

Protect your life with safety habits.

MISTAKES

The world is usually kind to people who make mistakes, for most of their errors are not very costly. But one serious mistake in driving a motor car may be your last.

AN OLD SAW

There are a good many old sayings, old saws, old mottoes. Some people are inclined to smile indulgently when they read them or hear them quoted. But there is one, at least, that has been treasured by a good many people, which says: "It is better to be safe than sorry."

A large number of accidents, a great many of which result in death, occur each year because some impatient motorist tries to pass the car in in front on a bill. Safety authorities are unanimous in condemning this practice as one of the most dangerous of all traffic sins. Stay in line and be safe. It may take a few seconds more but it will be well worth the delay.

MARCH, 1937 ARIZONA HIGHWAYS 19 Finding Good Subgrade

(Continued From Page 7) TYPE B-4 MATERIAL. (Fig. 4). This type of material shows a slight decrease in shear strength, with increase in mois ture content up to a certain critical point, at which the shear strength begins to decrease very rapidly. The C. M. E. (pass 3-mesh) of the material lies in the second or unstable portion of the curve and is usually well below 1000 lbs. Of eighteen samples tested, six were A-2 types, four were A-4 and eight were A-7.

TYPE B-5 MATERIAL. (Fig. 5). This type material shows a very rapid decrease in shear strength, with increase in mois ture content down to a very low point, followed by slight decreases in shear strength with further increases in mois ture content. The C. M. E. point is in the second portion of the curve and is usually below 300 lbs. Of twenty-two samples tested, all were A-7 type.

Actual correlation between shear values and field observations of sub-grade con ditions have been made on approximate ly seventy-five materials. This is not deemed a sufficiently large number to warrant any final conclusions, therefore the following conclusions are tentative and are subject to revision. Enough ma terials have been run however, to realize the possibilities of the test.

TENTATIVE CONCLUSIONS. The C. M. E. (pass 3-mesh) is a fairly close measure of the amount of moisture a subgrade material will accumulate by capillary action under actual road con ditions.

Types B-1 and B-2 have high shear values for all moisture contents, and are stable under all conditions.

Type B-3 has high shear values for all moisture contents below the C. M. E. (3-mesh) and is stable as the amount of moisture accumulated by capillarity will not exceed the C. M. E.

Type B-4 can accumulate moisture by capillarity to a point at which it will have a low shear strength. This material, therefore, is unstable under conditions which will allow the accumulation of water.

Note: Materials are encountered which have C. M. E. points lying between those shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4. These materials are in a doubtful class which is interesting us mostly at the present time. We are attempting to arrive at a point at which we can separate stable and un stable materials. This point has been tenatively set at a shear strength of 1000 pounds at the C. M. E. (pass 3-mesh).

Type B-5 has very low shear strengths at the C. M. E. (pass 3-mesh) and has relatively low shear strength at moisture contents considerably below the C. M. E. percentage. The material is therefore unstable under conditions that will allow the accumulation of any appreciable amount of water.

Tales of Calabazas

(Continued From Page 10) where the boss was. Poor docile Ned tried to reason with Easy Trigger: "Why, Bill, Harry ain't done you no harm. He's one of the best friends you got. Harry ain't got nothin' agin you, sure he ain't.

Easy Trigger saw red, a shot rang out, and poor Ned lay sprawled on the floor. He had called his last dance.

The murderer ordered the dancing to proceed as he stood over the body of the victim, called out the remaining figures of the dance. When the dance ended Bill stepped out into the darkness, and Calabazas saw him no more.

In a few minutes all Calabazas knew THE COLORADO BUILDERS SUPPLY CO.

Specialists on Reinforced Steel Mesh Guard, Fence Stays 1534 Blake Street, Denver Plants at Denver and Pueblo

Of the murder. Drinky and Davis were sent for, and the arrest of Easy Trigger demanded. Every man in town offered to lend some other man his rifle, horse or pistol. Davis' horse was suddenly taken lame, and Drinky became so ill he could not get out of bed. At daybreak a cattle man came into town and said the murderer had stopped at the graders' camp and forced a teamster to saddle a fine mule, which he then mounted and rode away toward the line, thus adding to murder the crime of mule stealing. Anger in Calabazas was at white heat. A committee demanded justice. When Drinky found out that Bill had probably crossed the line he became enraged and arose from his sick bed, braced himself with mescal, and visited the Big Casino to view the body. After a cursory examination of the dead, Drinky ordered Davis to pursue the criminal. Davis became cautious. Perhaps Easy Trigger had not yet crossed the line, therefore any hasty pursuit was not to be considered, so Davis informed Drinky he must issue a warrant. This the justice refused to do until he had consulted the Revised Statutes. There was just a chance that Easy Trigger might come back to Calabazas and interview the justice as to the breach of etiquette of issuing a warrant.

Ned's body was removed to the corral. Drinky acting as coroner, a jury was summoned to view the body to reassure themselves that Ned was still dead. Drinky consulted his law library. While reading, the news was brought in that Bill had been seen riding toward Calabazas. Drinky instructed the jury to bring in a verdict of death from natural causes, because, Drinky said, when Easy Trigger wanted Harry, Ned should not have interfered. Ned was planted with little ceremony. The verdict caused much feeling among those not identified with the proceedings. At this time news came from Nogales that Bill had crossed the line, so Drinky erased the verdict from the docket and substituted: "Death caused by gun-shot wound fired with murderous intent by Easy Trigger Bill."

Davis, in full regalia, mounted his horse and disappeared. Davis felt sure the murderer and stolen mule were safely across the line. The jingling of his accoutrements kept time to the horse's trot. Davis was having visions of a fat expense report, figuring he could make round about inquiries and get in many miles at fifteen cents per mile.

Bang!

"Hey, there, you get your hands up!"

ARIZONA HIGHWAYS

The frightened horse reared, and was within a few feet of Easy Trigger before he could be checked. "I'll stop! Don't shoot, Bill! Hold down your gun! I've got nothing against you!" Easy Trigger's voice was low and menacing. "Throw down your guns! Now, the belts!"

Bill picked up the guns and belts and tossed them into some brush; keeping Davis covered, he extracted the knife from his boot.

"Looking for me, hey, Davis? I ought to pot you!"

"Who, me? Why, I never lost you, Bill."

"What the hell are you doing here, then?"

"Who, me? Why I was going to Nogales."

"You was, hey? Yes, you was! Well, you ain't going to no Nogales, see?" "Why, I don't want you, Bill! You never did anything to me, or I to you. Looking for you, huh? Why, hell, man, there isn't any reward offered for you, yet! I don't work for my health. I wouldn't arrest you now."

"Arrest me? I guess you'll never arrest me, Davis!"

"Say, Bill, honestly, what made you shoot Ned?"

"Honest, it was an accident, Davis. I was drunk. Harry was the man I was after. I guess Ned jes' must have made me mad, and I popped him afore I thought. Hell! I was Ned's friend. Say, listen Davis! You square things fer me and I'll give Ned a decent burial and put up a nice stone. What's the news in Calabazas, Davis? I shore got foot sore running to that graders' camp to get this mule."

"Now, listen, Bill. You're not going to like living in Mexico with those greasers. You best let me try to square things for you so you can go back. Now, you give me back my guns and things, and I'll go back to Calabazas and try to square things. I'd hate to go back without my guns. Think how it'll look!"

"Now, Davis, you shut your trap and git, and git pronto! Them guns stay with me. Now, git!"

Davis turned his horse homeward a few feet and he suddenly brightened.

"Bill, you're right at the line. You best give me that mule. The boys will be looking for it, and there'll be trouble."

"Tas' so, Davis, old part! I'll git him fer you."

While Bill was putting the old saddleing up a grand story. He could bring the mule back, and say the Mexican officials had confiscated his weapons. Bill led the mule to Davis: "Now, you take the mule back. I'll do as much for you someday."

MARCH, 1937

ing up a grand story. He could bring the mule back, and say the Mexican officials had confiscated his weapons. Bill led the mule to Davis: "Now, you take the mule back. I'll do as much for you someday."

"All right, Bill."

Davis reached for the bridle. "You better ride the mule, Davis." "Oh, I'll just lead him, Bill." "You get down offen that horse! Bill leveled his pistol. I'm goin' ter trade you. We'll trade even. Jes change saddles and bridles too!"

It was ten days before Davis found nerve enough to show his face in Calabazas again. He rode to Tucson and purchased new weapons. Upon arriving in Calabazas he told a good story. He had, after a hard struggle, chased Bill into Mexico, where the Mexican officials had arrested him for coming after a prisoner into Mexico without authority. So he had to bribe the officials with a gift of his horse and saddle. Bill, he said, as soon as he could get bonds, would be back and make it hot for his enemies.

Drinky erased murder from the docket and substituted: Death from natural causes.

Drinky was to find that being justice of the peace in Calabazas was no easy matter. Two hurdy girls got into a fight and were duly arrested and jailed before the judge. One of the girls was a valuable asset to the hurdy house of Big Charlie, and Drinky promptly fined the girls forty-five dollars each, or thirty days in the corral which served as a jail. Big Charlie paid his girl's fine and carried her off.

Early next morning Drinky was awakened by a gun thrust in his middle. Drinky had had a big night spending the fortyfive dollars. Finally his eyes cleared and he looked into the red face of Big Charlie. "Hand over that forty-five, and make it soon! That gal, after I paid her fine, left me flat and went to work for Harry. I want my money back!"

Drinky spoke of the dignity of his office and the law. Big Charlie demanded his money back. Drinky said he had given half the money to Davis, and therefore was not responsible for all of it.

Big Charlie said he gave Davis no money, and he wanted his forty-five dollars back.

Drinky as usual was broke, which he explained. Big Charlie gave him two hours time in his company and the company of two big guns to get it.

They started the rounds of the saloons, where Drinky, with tears in his eyes, tried to borrow forty-five dollars for an emergency. Each place he was offered

ARIZONA HIGHWAYS MARCH, 1937

matter for conjecture, crown the apex of their arches.

They derived their name from the belief that in return for help given the builders, the Devil demand and received the soul of the first person to cross them. Many and devious were the ways devised to induce an ignorant or unsuspecting wayfarer to make himself liable for the debt demanded by the Evil One.

There is a story, written by a contemporary monk, to the effect that in one instance some one thought of the clever scheme of driving a dog across the bridge first and so cheating his Satanic Majesty out of the possession of a human soul. This was done, but a few months later the Devil retaliated. There was a fete on the river and the bridge, so dishonestly acquired by the populace of the town, was crowded with spectators. It collapsed and many were drowned. The tale ends with the pious observation that it is the part of wisdom to keep one's end of a bargain, even at the expense of the other fellow's soul.

There is a very ancient bridge at Croyland in the British Isles that was erected about 800 A. D. This curious structure must have been built as what we would now term a stunt, since it seems never to have had any practical reason for existing.

It crosses a tiny stream called the Croyland River at a place where it divides into two channels. Its three-pointed arches have their abutments at the angles of an equi-lateral triangle in three different counties. The grade of the floor is so steep that the bridge can only be used by pedestrians, who, if they object to the climb and are ordinarily spry, can without much effort jump across any one of the three channels of the stream.

Was it erected to commemorate some local event, to perpetuate the memory of a hero of the time, as an expression of Early English humor, or merely to spend the taxpayers' money? The question is and will, I fear, remain a controversial one, on the samefooting as "Who built the pyramids?" and "How old is Ann?"

A still more peculiar, though not at all mysterious structure is the elliptical bridge recently completed on the sea coast of Country Antrim, Ireland. It is near a tourist resort known as St. Gobans. For miles along the adjacent precipitous cliffs, a walk has been cut from which the traveler may view the wild and picturesque scenery of the locality. St. Gobans bridge, as it is called, spans a gap sixty-five feet wide between the mainland and an isolated rock. Its narrow footpath three hundred feet above the surging, foaming North Atlantic runs through twelve equi-distant steel ellipses which are rigidly connected by longitudinal steel bars. The major axis of each ellipse is seven feet and the minor axis four feet eight inches.

Because of the steep cliffs no construction work could be done on the site so the bridge was put together at Belfast. It was then loaded on a scow and taken to its destination thus making it the only bridge on record with an ocean voyage to its credit.

Arriving at St. Gobans it was lifted into place by means of cables. Great difficulty was experienced at this stage of operations in preventing the steel framework from swinging against the stone cliffs and damaging itself beyond repair. At last, however, it was successfully accomplished and now the wild beauty of this formerly inaccessible sea coast may be enjoyed by every visitor to St. Gobans.

The story of the old Mohawk Bridge across the Delaware, built in 1806-08 by Theodore Burr, holds more than a passing interest for the engineer of today. It was, as far as is known, the first long-span suspension bridge constructed on scientific principles and therefore is the pioneer of suspension bridge construction. It was crude and cumbersome and without beauty, but from it have sprung a mighty brood.

At the time it was built structural iron and steel had not been invented. Wood, then cheap, plentiful and of good quality, was used instead. The cables were built of two-inch planks of Norway pine, overlapping to make a continuous cable-like support, three feet wide and four feet thick. If any sketches or drawings were made of this old bridge, they have disappeared. It was thirty-one years after its completion before photography was invented, so we must rely mostly on our imaginations for any idea of the appearance of this interesting example of the engineer's art as it appeared in its earlier years.

In 1863 the bridge was inclosed, making it into a long tunnel whose "darkness was made visible" by four oil lamps, one to every two hundred and twenty-five feet of its length. In 1872, after more than sixty years of service, the picturesque weatherstained old bridge was condemned and dismantled and a modern steel bridge erected on the same site.

One of the few floating bridges of the world still exists near Lynn, Massachusetts. It was built in 1802 across a pond, which as far as anyone can discover, has no solid bottom. The road bed is simply a much elongated timber raft, originally five and one-half feet thick. When re-flooring became necessary it was done on top of the old structure. This was repeated so often that in 1904 its thickness had increased to seventeen feet and the whole mass became so water-soaked that even light loads caused it to sink below the surface of the water. It was then replaced by a modern bridge but as no practical means presented themselves of disposing of the old one it still remains, cumbersome and mossgrown after its century and a quarter of immersion.

MARCH, 1937 ARIZONA HIGHWAYS 23 Kino-Man of Vision THE PONDERER

(Continued From Page 5)

The Townsend Expedition

(Continued From Page 12) Flourished and the animals had grown fat. It was an auspicious beginning.

The troops had to occupy tents and huts, as no substantial or permanent buildings could be erected, until Major Willis and the other officers named by General Carleton "to fix the exact site of the post" had had time to examine thoroughly the country with a view to securing the best possible location.

Twenty years ago! Since then, thirteen missions had been constructed, hundreds of Indians baptised, thousands of cattle and sheep brought into the valleys of Pimeria Alta. All that and much more had been done, but it was not enough, and he could do no more.

Kino's eyes followed the lazy circling flight of a buzzard and it brought to him the answer to his discontent. The On the 9th day of February, a flagstaff over one hundred feet high and gracefully proportioned, under the immediate direction of Major Willis was possession of the herd that a messenger was dispatched to convey news of the outrage to the people of Prescott. Another courier was sent to Camp Verde shadow of death was close at hand, not only to him, but to all of his work. What was to happen when he was gone? Who would carry on after his voice was stillled? Behind and among the rugged hills that bordered the San Pedro and Santa Cruz Rivers hovered the destructive Apaches. They had burned and killed, raised, and the national emblem unfurled with a salute and other appropriate honors. Brief addresses were made by Secretary McCormick and Judge Allyn. At that time the staff was probably the finest in the territory, and the flag, which was hoisted daily, could be seen for many miles around.

asking for help from the commander of the military forces stationed there. Upon receipt of the news at Prescott, a party of eleven citizens volunteered their services to go in pursuit of the possession of the herd that a messenger was dispatched to convey news of the outrage to the people of Prescott. Another courier was sent to Camp Verde Time after time, in spite of all efforts to prevent it. Without his guiding; his inspiring, and organizing, how could they shadow of death was close at hand, not only to him, but to all of his work. What was to happen when he was gone? Who would carry on after his voice was stillled? Behind and among the rugged hills that bordered the San Pedro and Santa Cruz Rivers hovered the destructive Apaches. They had burned and killed, Arriving at the Agua Fria settlement they were joined by a party of five citizens from that valley, and early the following morning the whole force, sixteen deterbe prevented from undoing all he had accomplished.

On the 5th day of June, 1871, a large band of hostile Indians made an attack on the ranch of Bowers Brothers, Herbert and Nathan, located on the Auga Fria, about 20 miles from Prescott. The savages killed one of the two herders and

mined men, started in pursuit. The

The buzzard circled closer. Kind thought of the day in 1694 when he stood before the silent, ruined walls of Casa Grande contemplating the ruthlessness of time, and wondering what had become of those who had constructed it. They, too, had planned, builded, flourished, and then disappeared, hundreds of years before.

ran off about 137 head of horses, mules and cattle; the other herder escaped and, eluding the Indians reached the ranch with word of the attack.

Mined and experienced Indian fighters, under the leadership of John B. Townsend, took up the trail of the savages, which they followed for a distance of That night he had been touched by a feeling of sorrow and futility that ancient citidals of vanished and forgotten people

The Indians had no sooner obtained

35 miles.

seen always to inspire in those of imagination. Stark and silent in the light of the same moon that watched over its creation centuries before, it brought to Kino the patter of bare feet; the chatter of voices, laughter and song of blackhaired, red-skinned people, perhaps much like his own, who had dreamed their Soon after leaving camp the next morning, the 7th, they met a detachment of troops from Camp Verde, also in pursuit of the same Indians. The soldiers were under the command of Lieutenant Charles Morton, and after a brief conference bedreams and passed down the long, dark and endless trail of time. Kino seemed to see, atop the Big House a sentinal gazing out over the broad mesquite Between the military and civil leaders, the two pursuing forces were combined under the command of Lieutenant Morton and the pursuit at once resumed with fresh vigor and encouragement. After travelCovered valley, ready to warn his comrades of impending danger; a feeble gesture against the forces which inevitably were to destroy his home and race.

ing 25 miles, to the Verde River, the command went into camp at a late hour in the evening.

The bent figure in black shook his

On the morning of the 8th they again

Ahead. Would someone stand before the ruined walls of his missions years hence and think those very same things about them? Kino sighed. God's will be done. The sun was an hour lower in the western sky. He must be getting on.

They would be waiting for him at San Xavier del Bac.

took up the trail, which they followed for a distance of 20 miles, and at one o'clock in the afternoon came upon a good-sized Apache rancheria, which they quickly surrounded and attacked, killing 31 of its savage dwellers. Feeling satisfied that there were many more bands of Indians scattered throughout that section of the country, and determined to ferret them out before they had much time to prepare for battle or effect a retreat, the command moved quickly forward in search of other rancherias.

They came upon one of these on the following day after crossing the divide between the Big Verde and Tonto Creek, and a desperate fight immediately ensued, which resulted in the killing of 23 more Indians. At this rancheria three of the Bowers horses were discovered; one was recaptured and two were killed by the Indians when they realized they were about to fall into the hands of the pursuers. Leaving this point the command, after following the principal trail for three miles, discovered three Indians in the distance, mounted on two horses. Two of these were shot dead, the third wounded and both horses recaptured.

The supply of provisions being by this time well-nigh exhausted, and the distance from Camp McDowell, the nearest military post, being upwards of fifty miles, it was determined to abandon further pursuit and return at once. The command accordingly started in the direction of Camp McDowell, arriving at that post on the morning of the 12th and, after resting there for a couple of days, began the return journey to Prescott.

The Prescott portion of the citizen volunteers reached home on Sunday morning, the 18th, and brought the first tidings of the great success attending the pursuit. The news that the raiding Indians had been overtaken and fifty-six of their number killed, spread quickly and preparations were immediately set on foot by Prescott citizens for the proper celebration of the event.

Judge William J. Berry superintended the firing of a salute to the returned Indian fighters, while Joseph Melvin started forth to solicit a subscription of a few hundred dollars to defray the expenses of a grand jollification, which is referred to in the annals of Prescott as the "Prescott Jubilee."

An official report of this gathering of Prescottites to express their joy and gratification at the success of its citizen-posse in pursuing and punishing their Apache foes, is as follows: Prescott, Arizona, June 18, 1871.

"A meeting of the citizens of Prescott

ARIZONA HIGHWAYS

and vicinity was held at the restaurant of Niles and Griffin on Sunday evening, June 18, in honor of the participators in the expedition which followed, overtook and chastised the Apaches who killed John Gantt and stole the herd of cattle and horses from Bowers Brothers ranch on the evening of June 5th. In accordance with previous notice the doors of the restaurant were thrown open at 9 o'clock P. M., disclosing an arrangement of tables laden with all the attainable luxuries of the season; the place was quickly filled and not even standing room was available.

"The meeting was called to order and William J. Berry was chosen chairman and Henry A. Bieglow, secretary.

"On motion that all necessary committees to further the objects of the meetBeing be appointed by the Chair, Joseph Melvin and Jesse Jackson were appointed a committee on finance, and Henry A. Bieglow, A. L. Moeller and George D. Kendall, a committee on resolutions.

"The festivities were prolonged until a late hour of the night, and no other business was transacted necessary to refer to in this report, which is respectfully submitted.

In the Weekly Arizona Miner of June 24, 1871, the following comment on this successful expedition against the murderous Apaches is found: " We this week present our readers with an account, in full, of one of the most successful expeditions ever prosecuted against the Apache Indians in Arizona, or elsewhere. This has been one of those achievements, the success of which is due to neither chance nor accident, but to indomitable preservance, unflinching determination, and a corresponding power of endurance on the part of the pursuers. It was a terrible, but a glorious slaughter; fifty-six strong, active warriors, caught and punished, not after the lapse of a month, when they might have been unable to distinguish the particular crime which was being avenged but while their lances were stained by the blood of their victim and the plunder yet within their hands. And not only did success reward the efforts of the avengers by the punishment of the authors of the Agua Fria outrage, but also by the recovery of the stolen property, almost to the last article; even the gun which had been taken from Mr. Gantt, the murdered herder, was recaptured at one of the rancherias.

MARCH, 1937

"For this achievement the citizens of Prescott and vicinity claim but little glory to themselves; yet we think that they are entitled to much credit. Their devotion to the popular cause the suppression of the hostile Indians-evinced by the readiness with which they enlisted themselves in this transient service should, alone, entitle them to the generous consideration of every citizen of this territory. This will not, however, detract from the real merit of Lieutenant Charles Norton. He has established for himself a name and reputation of which he may justly feel proud. Our citizens are often disposed to be critical; they are pioneer Indian fighters and have a right to criticize the acts of others in this field; yet this is an officer whose tact, judgment and bravery displayed on this—his first -expedition, has won for him the respect and confidence of all these. We have nothing but encouragement and full credit to give to one like him; and his worth, as an officer and a man, is now well established." Captain Townsend, of the Lower Agua Fria, had come to Arizona in 1863, and on this expedition over the rugged mountains of central Arizona, had killed 15 of the 56 Indians that had been “reconstructed.” With this “bag” to his credit it made 26 hostile Indians that had, up to that time, fallen at the hands of this redoubtable pioneer, while a resident of Arizona. In consideration of the great service he had thus rendered the Territory he was presented by Prescott citizens, on Thursday, June 22, 1871, with a beautiful Henry rifle, of the latest improved patent, as a token of their esteem. On one side of the stock was a silver plate, 2x3 inches, which bore the follow ing inscription: Presented to J. B. TOWNSEND, By the citizens of Prescott June, 1871. HONOR TO THE BRAVE! Charles Genung, Tom Roddick and C Davis (also known as “Jeff” Davis) were likewise remembered by admiring friends -the former with a Winchester rifle and the two latter with a Colt's revolver apiece, for the part they had taken in the campaign, successful beyond the fondest expectations. John Gnatt, the murdered herder, had served as a soldier during the Civil War in a Pennsylvania regiment, and before coming to Arizona had resided in Allegheny County in that state. John Benjamin Townsend, who led the expedition against the Apaches, was an intrepid and fearless frontiersman, whose name can be whispered in the same breath with those of King Woolsey, Pete Kitchen, Bill Rhodes and other great Indian fighters of Arizona. He was born on June 28, 1835, and was of half Cherokee Indian strain, cunning and brave, and had an undying hatred for Indians, whom he hunted to the death upon every occasion. The fact that several of his relatives has been killed by the Commanches in Texas, it is said, was the cause of this bitter animosity. Only a couple of years after his famous expedition, however, he fell a victim to Apache hostility. On September 16, 1873, while on the trail of about half a dozen Apaches, who had raided his ranch the day before, he suddenly came upon the band of savages at Dripping Springs, near the Agua Fria River, some sixteen miles south of the present

MARCH, 1937

and bravery displayed on this—his first -expedition, has won for him the respect and confidence of all these. We have nothing but encouragement and full credit to give to one like him; and his worth, as an officer and a man, is now well established." Captain Townsend, of the Lower Agua Fria, had come to Arizona in 1863, and on this expedition over the rugged mountains of central Arizona, had killed 15 of the 56 Indians that had been “reconstructed.” With this “bag” to his credit it made 26 hostile Indians that had, up to that time, fallen at the hands of this redoubtable pioneer, while a resident of Arizona. In consideration of the great service he had thus rendered the Territory he was presented by Prescott citizens, on Thursday, June 22, 1871, with a beautiful Henry rifle, of the latest improved patent, as a token of their esteem. On one side of the stock was a silver plate, 2x3 inches, which bore the follow ing inscription: Presented to J. B. TOWNSEND, By the citizens of Prescott June, 1871. HONOR TO THE BRAVE! Charles Genung, Tom Roddick and C Davis (also known as “Jeff” Davis) were likewise remembered by admiring friends -the former with a Winchester rifle and the two latter with a Colt's revolver apiece, for the part they had taken in the campaign, successful beyond the fondest expectations. John Gnatt, the murdered herder, had served as a soldier during the Civil War in a Pennsylvania regiment, and before coming to Arizona had resided in Allegheny County in that state. John Benjamin Townsend, who led the expedition against the Apaches, was an intrepid and fearless frontiersman, whose name can be whispered in the same breath with those of King Woolsey, Pete Kitchen, Bill Rhodes and other great Indian fighters of Arizona. He was born on June 28, 1835, and was of half Cherokee Indian strain, cunning and brave, and had an undying hatred for Indians, whom he hunted to the death upon every occasion. The fact that several of his relatives has been killed by the Commanches in Texas, it is said, was the cause of this bitter animosity. Only a couple of years after his famous expedition, however, he fell a victim to Apache hostility. On September 16, 1873, while on the trail of about half a dozen Apaches, who had raided his ranch the day before, he suddenly came upon the band of savages at Dripping Springs, near the Agua Fria River, some sixteen miles south of the

ARIZONA HIGHWAYS

-day town of Mayer, and exchanged a few shots with them. In the exchange of gun-fire he was hit by one of the Indians and received a mortal wound. The Apaches, unaware that one of their leaden missiles had reached its mark, hurridly left the scene of the skirmish. For several days Townsend's favorite saddle horse remained standing by his master's body-impatiently pawing the ground. Decomposition setting in, the faithful animal finally realized that something was wrong and started straight for the Townsend ranch. As soon as the riderless horse entered the yard, the rancher's family and neighbors took up the back-track and found Townsend's body still lying where it had fallen, with his rifle near at hand. He was buried by the Masons in their cemetery near Prescott, and the largest funeral cortege ever witnessed in the place followed the remains to the grave. His last resting place was in the midst of many others who had met death in the same sudden and violent manner-the price that scores of courageous pioneers had to pay during Arizona's days of cruel Indian warfare. The strife was so fierce, the contention so destructive and the struggle so unrelenting that only those of iron nerve were able to survive the bloody and terrifying conflict. Yet, for that very reason, the pages of Arizona's early history are replete and richly illuminated with the stories of heroic deeds performed by brave and daring men-men who never shrank from danger and laughed at death.

25 By Spanish authorities, and the equally zealous black clad Jesuits took up the work of making Christians of native tribes. Father Kino began his missionary work on the peninsula of Baja, California. Difficulties of many kinds were experienced, and this was given up, and he was assigned to what was then known as Pimeria Alta. His first mission was at Dolores to which he came in 1687. This was on the San Miguel River about one hundred miles south of Tucson, and not far from Frontias, the northernmost military post of Mexico at that time. It was in 1691 that he made his first entry into what is now Arizona. Probably the first white man to enter Southern Arizona since the visit of Onate to the Yuma country in 1604, and the first since Coronado to come by way of rivers that flow from Mexico to empty into the Gila. His entrance was down the Santa Cruz. Tumucacori was the first destination, a year later he came as far as Bac, and in 1694 to the Gila and to the Casa Grande Ruins. Presumably, Father Kino found the Indian tribes in the Valleys of the Gila and the Azul-as Kino called the Salt River-much the same as they were when Coronado came down the San Pedro from the watershed of the Sonora Valley. From the time of his first visit, and covering a period of nearly a quarter of a century, he made fourteen visits to Indian villages on the San Pedro, Santa Cruz, Salt and the Gila to its junction with the Colorado. Three church missions were established, at San Xavier, Tumacacori and Guevavi near Nogales. At the various villages he visited, he preached and baptized the natives. He brought in herds of cattle, and instructed the natives in their care. He taught them better methods of irrigation and improved cultural ways. He distributed seed of grain and other European crops over a wide area. It may be significant that in his earlier priesthood he was detained for nearly a year at Seville because arrangements had not been made by his superiors for his voyage. Seville at that time was one of the most progressive cities of Spain and quite likely the center of the foremost agricultural and horticultural country of Europe. Father Kino was trained to learn by observation, and it would indeed be strange if in his stay at this place he did not study irrigation methods and learn much of cultural practices in a country that was similiar in many ways to the agricultural valleys of Arizona today. At that time he did not know his destination, but he apparentlyhad

Kino-Man of Vision THE PRACTICAL

on the farms to grow products of the soil necessary to support the mines. Settlements continued to increase on the Rio Grande, but the route from Mexico City was no longer the trail blazed by Estevan, the Moorish slave, and followed by Fray Marcus de Niza and Coronado. This was abandoned, and the route was down the Concho and up the Rio Grande. There had been no signs of gold in what is now Arizona, but there filtered through legends of lakes of gold, of cities of untold wealth that was the lure for more exploring expeditions. The settlements and the missions on the Rio Grande were the necessary supporting agencies for further conquests. By the year 1644, there were thirtyfive missions in Sinaloa and Sonora, and 300,000 Indians had been baptized. The gray robes with the cowled hoods of the Franciscian friars were displayed

He had the habit of storing up information for future use. He was the first European to bring to Arizona technical knowledge of irrigation, of agriculture and livestock growing. Late in 1699, accord ing to his diary, he found the colonies, which he had established in Santa Cruz and San Pedro among the Sobaipuris, had taken good care of their flocks and herds. They had gardens and were rais ing beans and corn, "as he had taught them."

He encouraged a better living through a wider use of the soil, and his life and teaching was a constant urge for better living conditions. Christianity to him was something practical. Who shall say that his close kinship with the soil was not the greatest factor in making him sympathetic with a simple people who were essentially close to the soil, and therefore close to nature.

During the century and a half in which there were no direct contacts of white men with the Indians of Southern Ari zona, there came into existence the fierce, unscrupulous, Apache Indians. Although in Coronado's time there was a reference to the Apache-Navajos, there were no contacts apparently made with the Indian tribe that corresponded to the Apaches, as they were known near the close of the seventeenth century, and for many years later. The Pueblo Indians, about 1680, rebelled against the drastic methods of the Spanish Conquistadors and for some twelve or fifteen years there was war fare which has gone down in history as the Pueblo Revolt. Previous to that time, trade among the Indians of New Mexico and the Pimas on the Gila River was car ried on.

By the time the revolt was ended, about 1695, the Apaches had become strong in numbers, savage beyond that of any other Southwestern tribe, and had occupied most of the mountain country of what is now Arizona.

Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, curator, Division of Physicial Anthropology, United States Nationel Museum, Washington, D. C., says: "The origin of the Apache tribes is involved in the haze of American pre history. But there are substantial indi cations to the effect that they were re latively late arrivals in the Southwest, and that they came from somewhere farther north, possibly very much farth er. There is no trace of any type re sembling the Apache anywhere in the East of their present habitat. All of their affinities are with the Athapascan people in the Far North."

Presumably, their numbers were in creased by recruits from the Pueblo and other tribes. After the revolt, not only

ARIZONA HIGHWAYS

was trade impossible between the Indians of the Rio Grande and the Gila, but the Apaches were encroaching on the peace ful agricultural tribes along the Gila and the San Pedro. Even with this handicap, Father Kino distinguished himself not alone as the Arizona "Pioneer Padre," but also as the first Arizona pioneer in agriculture, ir rigation, and livestock growing, and in addition, the "Pioneer Pathfinder" for to him belongs the distinction of discov ery of the overland route to the Cali fornia Coast.

That Father Kino was fully cognizant of the impossibilities of the development of either the missions or of agriculture in Arizona and in northern Sonora, is fully brought out in a somewhat quaint way in book three of his "Relations," which have been carefully translated by Dr. H. E. Bolton, of the University of California. In this he relates in consider able detail, the ravages made by the sav age Apache tribe. He shows a very human impatient with the Apaches, not withstanding his devout attitude toward the peaceful natives. He made urgent requests to the Spanish authorities that more aid be given to establishing of mis sions along the Gila and San Pedro, to the end that the Pimas and other related tribes might be furnished with a means of combatting their long time enemies. In his "Relation" he cites the ability of Captain Coro (probably a Sobaipuris) to "chastise" them and in another instance Father Kino says that Captain Coro killed with one blow more than 200 of these enemies. About 1695, Father Kino made a spec ial trip to Mexico City where he was suc cessful in obtaining more assistance in the establishment of missions, although not the full support which he felt he should have. It was about this time, however, that he began the real work at San Xavier, Tumacacori, and other places along the Santa Cruz. Here he estab lished ranches with cattle, sheep, goats, and horses and in 1700, he tells in his diary, having visited these places and found that the native families had made good use of the livestock and the seed which he had given them, at last he be gan to feel that given proper support he could christianize the natives, and estab lish prosperous farming communities. His enthusiasm was not entirely shared, however, by those in high authority. Had it been, undoubtedly the prophecies, which he made of developments in agriculture in Southeastern Arizona, would have been realized many years before it became American territory, when the develop ments of today really began.

MARCH, 1937

It is quite likely that disappointment over the lack of support, and attempts to do single handed what he should have had the help of others to do, was largely responsible for his early and untimely death, which occured in 1711. With the passing of Father Kino another long period of inactivity, so far as develop ments in Arizona are concerned, had its beginning, but teachings, both spiritual and educational, adopted by the natives along these rivers were never entirely forgotten.

There were other missionaries who lat er built churches in the locations which Father Kino had selected, who adminis tered to the needs of the natives, and to these other Padres whom Arizona owes much in the way of early history. To Father Kino, however, Arizona must be ever indebted, and the bronze monument recently dedicated to him in Padre Kino Park, Tucson, is an expression of a much deserved tribute which Arizona owes to its outstanding pioneer in missionary labors, agriculture, and road building.

This monument was made possible through the efforts of the Kino Memorial Association of which Dr. Frank Lock wood of the University of Arizona is President.

Arizona Highway Commission Notes

(Continued From Page 14) made and Scott not voting, that Mr. M. L. Wheeler be appointed Secretary of the Arizona Highway Commission to take the place being vacated by Mr. C. C. Jarrett.

It was regularly moved by Commissioner Angle, seconded by Commissioner Seale, and unanimously carried, that Mr.

T. S. O'Connell be made State Highway Engineer of the Arizona State Highway Department to serve at the will and pleasure of the Highway Commission. Letters were presented by State Engineer O'Connell concerning an advertisement of the Ford Motor Company in the "Saturday Evening Post" stating "This is the car that left Arizona for California over desert, sand, stream, roads with high centers and roads by name only and caused the owner to say, 'It feels, always, as though you were on a boulevard.'"

In a letter written the Ford Motor Plant by Mr. E. V. Miller, Engineer of Plans, it was brought to their atten tion that there are only four connections between Arizona and the State of Cali

LEE MOOR CONTRACTING COMPANY

807 BASSETT TOWER EL PASO, TEXAS

MARCH, 1937 ARIZONA HIGHWAYS 27

fornia; one at Yuma, one at Ehrenberg, one at Topock and one at Parker. The first three roads are paved while the road at Parker is graded and graveled surface. In answer to this communication, the Ford Motor Company wrote that the statement in the advertisement quoted is based upon a letter in their possession from a Lincoln-Zephyr owner, however, on rereading the letter, in the light of the comments made in Mr. Miller's letter, it seemed to them that his experiences might have happened in any one of a number of states. The Ford Motor Company also stated there was no intention on their part to convey the impression in this advertisement that Arizona roads are bad roads, and if they were able to learn precisely what road was traveled by this Lincoln-Zyphyr owner on this particular trip through Arizona, they would be glad to advise us. A letter on this subject was also read from the Curtis Publishing Company stating they did not know the answer of the Ford Motor Company to the question raised, but if the statement is erroneous in any respect, they regretted it. Awarding of bids received on Snow Removal Equipment and opened at 10:00 A. M., on February 1, 1937. The State Engineer explained the need of this snow removal equipment, stating the snow in the northern part of the State this year is the worst they have had in 20 years; that it had not been contemplated to buy any more snow equipment in this budget and, there being from $12,000 to $13,000 in the northern counties, with which the District Engineers of the northern counties wished to purchase a crushing plant, due this emergency it became necessary to use these funds to get snow equipment to remove the snow that has accumulated on the highways and is damaging them. The State Engineer informed the Commision that the type of equipment the engineers recommended and the delivery of same should be the governing factor in making the award. Mr. F. N. Grant, District Engineer, under whose supervision this equipment is, informed the Commission that although there is equipment to open the road and the snow is piled up on each side of the highways, the Department does not have snow equipment with which to remove the snow on the shoulders after opening the highways. Mr. Grant also informed the Commission that Highway 89 has been blocked the last four days the plows on hand have moved the snow but it has now become backed so hard, they can't do any more. On the recommendation of District Engineer Grant, in which the State Engineer concurred, it was regularly moved by Commissioner Seale, seconded by Commissioner Angle, and unanimously carried, that the bid of the Klauer Manufacturing Company, of Dubuque, Iowa, on a Snogo Model F-3 complete in the amount of $14,565.00 be accepted; the equipment to be shipped immediately. The State Engineer read a letter he received from Mr. E. E. East, Chief Engineer, Automobile Club of Southern California, stating that if an invitation had not been received, one would be, shortly from official Mexican sources to attend an International Pacific Highway Association Convention to be held in Mazatlan, Sinaloa, February 11th, 12th and 13th. A party of three, representing the Automobile Club of Southern California, will make this trip by automobile and if it is possible for Mr. O'Connell to also make the trip, he was invited to join their party at Nogales. The State Engineer, in answer, replied that he would not be able to leave the State at that time. For the information of the new Commissioners, State Engineer O'Connell explained that the Western States are trying to interest the Mexican Government in a West Coast Route to connect with the Pan-American Highway, now that the Laredo connection has been completed. It was the opinion of some of the members of the Commission that the Convention should be attended, however, further discussion on the matter was postponed until the next meeting. The Commission recessed and met again in open session in their offices in the Highway Building at 3:20 P. М., February 1, 1937. Those present were: Chairman Dowell, Vice-Chairman Angle, Commissioners Langmade, Scott and Seale; also State Engineer O'Connell, Assistant Attorney General A. R. Lynch, and Secretary M. L. Wheeler. It was regularly moved by Commissioner Seale, seconded by Commissioner Angle, and unanimously carried, that the resolution on the retirement of Commissioner C. E. Addams, from the Highway Commission, be adopted. It was regularly moved by Commissioner Angle, seconded by Commissioner Seale, and unanimously carried, that resolution on the retirement of Commissioner Jacob Barth, from the Highway Commission, be adopted. The Secretary was instructed to transmit copies of the foregoing resolutions to Mr. C. E. Addams and Mr. Jacob Barth, respectively, and to inscribe same in the official minutes of the Commission. It was regularly moved by Commissioner Angle, seconded by Commissioner Seale, and unanimously carried, that inasmuch as the Commission has a new Secretary and a retiring Secretary, Mr. C. C. Jarrett be retained for a period of thirty days to turn over all the books and records of the office to the new Secretary, Mr. M. L. Wheeler. It was regularly moved by Commissioner Langmade, seconded, and unanimously carried, that the Commission adjourn at 3:30 P. M., February 1, 1937, to meet again at 10:00 A. M., February 8, 1937.

to be inserted after the words "10:40 A. М.,". Page 8, Par. 2, Line 5-The words "and qualified" are to be inserted after the word "confirmed." Page 11, Par. 1, Line 7-The word "Texas" is to be inserted immediately after the word "Laredo." Awarding of the contract on the Phoenix-Yuma Highway (Aztec Wash), F. A. P. 55-3rd Reo. (1937) Sch. 2, A. F. E. 8012. State Engineer O'Connell recommended, subject to the approval of the Bureau of Public Roads, that the contract on the Phoenix-Yuma Highway (Aztec Wash) F. A. P. 55-3rd Reo. (1937) Sch. 2, A. F. E. 8012, be awarded to the low bidder, the Tanner Construction Company, in the amount of $18,186.95. It was regularly moved by Commissioner Angle, seconded by Commissioner Scott, and unanimously carried, that the recommendation of the State Engineer be accepted and the contract be awarded subject to the approval of the Bureau of Public Roads, to the low bidder, the Tanner Construction Company, in the amount of $18,196.95. Awarding of the contract on the TempeMesa Highway, F. A. P. 8-A, Reo. (1937) A. F. E. 8007. State Engineer O'Connell recommended, subject to the approval of the Bureau of Public Roads, that the contract on the Tempe-Mesa Highway, F. A. P. 8-A, Reo. (1937) A. F. E. 8007, be awarded to the low bidder, Pearson & Dickerson Contractors, Inc., in the amount of $138,685.10. It was regularly moved by Commissioner Seale, seconded by Commissioner Angle, and unanimously carried, that the recommendation of the State Engineer be accepted, and the contract be awarded, subject to the approval of the Bureau of Public Roads, to the low bidder, Pearson & Dickerson Contractors, Inc., in the amount of $138,685.10. The State Engineer told the Commission that this project is approximately $30,000 under the Department's estimate and he recommended provided the Bureau of Public Roads concurs, that this money be used to widen the present highway from McClintock Avenue to Mesa, to a fourlane, oil surfaced road. The Commission approved and accepted the State Engineer's recommendation. Mrs. Nellie T. Bush of Parker, appeared before the Commission with reference to the routing of Highway 72 through Parker. Commissioner Seale, stating some of the people interested in

February 8 and 9, 1937

The Arizona State Highway Commission met in regular session in their offices in the Highway Building. Those present were: Chairman Dowell, ViceChairman Angle, Commissioners Langmade, Scott and Seale, also, the State Engineer, the Secretary and Assistant Attorney General A. R. Lynch. The Tentative Minutes of January 20 and February 1, 1937, were read and approved with the following amendments: Page 3, Par. 1, Line 10-The word "county" is to be inserted after the words "Northern Yuma. Page 3, Par. 5, Line 1-The words "and went into executive session" are The Unique Magazine Of the Inland Empire Arizona Highways $1.00 Per Year

ARIZONA HIGHWAYS MARCH, 1937

the routing of Highway 72 through Park-er were unable to attend today's meet-ing and, out of deference to their request and their inability to appear, he made a motion that the Parker question be post-poned until the next meeting. This mo-tion was not voted upon until after the presentation of a telegram signed by R. H. Tompson, D. L. Beaver, C. O. Botrun, representing endorsers of A Street through Parker, and the reading of a resolution adopted by the Board of Sup-ervisors of Yuma County, and a statement made by Mrs. Bush.

Mrs. Bush requested the reading of a resolution adopted by the Parker Business Men's Association, February 2, 1937, requesting the Highway Commission to designate California Avenue through Parker as official State Highway 72, and further that the new approach from the new highway bridge, now being built across the Colorado River, be made to approach California Avenue. After the reading of this resolution by the Secretary, Mr. B. B. Brown, President of the Parker Business Men's Association, addressed the Commission and gave a brief history of the founding of Parker and presented pictures showing California Avenue and A Street as well as the improvements on each street. Comparison of the two streets from the standpoint of safety, property value and business, was made by Mr. Brown and Mrs. Bush, and appreciation for the time given them was expressed by the speakers.

Senators Dan Angius, Cochise County, W. B. Kelly, Graham County, Members of a Sub-Committee of the Committee on Appropriations, together with Senator J. Hubert Smith, Mohave County, came before the Commission with Mr. C. H. McKnight of Kingman, Arizona, concerning injuries suffered in an accident on Highway 89, near Granite Dells, in Yavapai County, by Mr. McKnight at eight o'clock on the evening of April 9, 1933, which occurred when he attempted to pass a car and ran into a mound of earth left unlighted on the highway, and, concerning Senate Bill 46, introduced by Senator Smith in the Thirteenth Legislature in the amount of $3,000 for the relief of Mr. McKnight. Senator Smith acted as spokesman and stated the Appropriation Committee thought it best to take this up with the Highway Commission and discuss the practicability of giving light employment to Mr. McKnight, and if the Highway Department is not in a position to do that, to see what other arrangements might be made.

Commissioner Angle asked what Mr. McKnight preferred: settlement, work or medical care, to which Senator Smith replied that Mr. McKnight preferred being restored to his former physical health and that he, personally, knew that since Mr. McKnight had suffered these injuries, which affected his back, he has been unable to do any heavy work. The Commission asked to be given time to look into the 1933 records of the Highway Department to see if there is anything pertaining to this accident and a recess was declared at 11:30 A. М.

The Commission reconvened at 11:45 A. M., February 8, 1937, all members present. Concerning the injury of Mr. C. H. McKnight, the State Engineer reported that the 1933 records had been filed away downstairs and are being looked up.

The Secretary read a letter dated February 4, 1937, from Mr. C. E. Addams, addressed to Chairman Dowell, asking that he convey to the Members of the Highway Commission his very best wishes and thank them for the resolution so kindly sent him. The letter was ordered received and filed.

The Secretary presented a letter from the Business Men's Assurance Company of Flagstaff, Arizona, commending Highway Foremen for their work in keeping Highway 66 and 89 open during the recent snowstorms.

The Secretary also presented a letter signed by Mrs. J. M. Keith, Secretary of the Arizona Cattle Growers' Association, concerning the use of native posts on state highways and urging the Commission to continue using them, because it not only will help the home industry, but will help solve the labor problem in Arizona. Mrs. Keith also thanked the Commission for their courtesy and consideration of the Cattle Growers' request to open up the roads so that the northern stockmen could haul feed into their ranches.

The Secretary presented a copy of a letter from Mr. A. E. Zeh sent to His Excellency, Governor R. C. Stanford, advocating the construction of a bridge over the Bill Williams River at Alamo in order that access might be given to that mineral region. The Commission brought out that this is off of the State Highway System, and they cannot legally spend money on roads that are not on the System.

The Secretary presented a group of resolutions adopted by the Arizona Good Roads Association at their convention held January 30, 1937, Phoenix, Arizona, pertaining to the following: Resolution A: That the Arizona Good Roads Association appoint a special committee to draft and submit to the Thirteenth Arizona Legislature a bill requesting the appropriation of $50,000 per year for the ensuing biennium to be expended for the purpose of state-wide advertising directly with National magazines, under the direction of a commission of three members chosen from the northern, central and southern districts of the State; said commission to serve without salary or expenses.

Resolution No. 1: That the Arizona Good Roads Association express its opposition to any change in the present law affecting the appointment and authority of the State Highway Commission and the State Highway Engineer.

Resolution No. 2: That the Arizona Good Roads Association go on record favoring the present distribution of the gasoline tax; namely 7-10 to the State Highway Department and 5-10 to the several counties.

Resolution No. 3: That the Arizona Good Roads Association go on record favoring a monthly distribution bution of 33 1-3% of the sales tax to the Board of Supervisors in the respective counties where same is collected, to be expended and accounted for in the same manner as other county funds.

Resolution No. 4: That the Arizona Good Roads Association petition Congress to include the sum of $2,5000,000 in their agricultural appropriation bill for the ensuing fiscal year, in accordance with Section of the Hayden-Cartwright Appropriation Bill of June 18, 1934.

Resolution No. 8: That the Arizona Good Roads Association resolve that it is urgently necessary that the present Congress enact tariff on raw copper of not less than four cents per pound.

Reporting on the Fort Huachuca road, the State Engineer read a letter addressed to Mr. G. L. McLane, Senior Highway Engineer of the Bureau of Public Roads, Phoenix, by Mr. Levant Brown, Senior Highway Engineer, of the Bureau of Public Roads, San Francisco, stating that copies of Mr. O'Connell's letter of January 22nd and of the letter from the Commanding General, Eighth Corps Area, to the Adjutant General, U. S. Army, relative to permit for use as a public highway of the road through the Fort Huachuca Military Reservation, in connection with proposed Arizona Federal Aid Route No. 15, had been forwarded to the Regional Office for consideration; that although he was confident an agreement along the line indicated by the Commanding General's recommendation will be satisfactory to the Bureau of Public Roads, no action contemplating approval should be taken until formal notice of addition of the route to the 7% System is received from the Washington Office. Further, it is obvious that the Federal Aid Route will ultimately be extended to a connection with State Highway 82, north of Fort Hauchuca, and he requested the State to furnish a revised map to show the proposed route from the Garden Canyon end of the Federal Aid

PHOENIX BLUE PRINT CO. PHOENIX, ARIZONA

WRICO LETTERING GUIDES CITY, COUNTY AND STATE MAPS U. S. G. S. TOPOGRAPHY MAPS Home Builders' Bldg. Phone 4-2407 128 N. First Ave.

MARCH, 1937 ARIZONA HIGHWAYS 29

Route, as now proposed, to a connection with State Highway No. 82.

The State Engineer presented a telegram from Mr. R. E. Toms, Chief of Division of Design, Bureau of Public Roads, Washington, D. C., confirming a telephone conversation of February 2nd regarding F. A. P. 9, from Tucson north to the Junction of State Highway 84 and U. S. 80, stating principles embodied in their suggestions for revision of north circle are applicable to modification of south circle with direction reversed. In order that future traffic continuing on Twelfth Street will not develop in heavy volume, they suggested modification conform essentially to their suggestion Number 4 with Long Axis Rotary layout perpendicular to bisector of turning angle, and if provision is desired for future heavy traffic continuing on Twelfth Street, they suggested modification conform essentially to their suggestion No. 6. The State Engineer informed the Commission the Department is proceeding with the plans for this project in accordance with these suggestions. The Secretary was asked to send an official letter to the City of Tucson concerning the right of way on this project.

Referring to a request he made sometime ago of the State Engineer, Commissioner Angle referred to a Tentative Summary of the Seven Percent System outside of Reservations, relative to completion, as of January 27, 1937, and Approximate Mileage Statistics for Arizona Seven Percent System, outside Federal Reservation, as of January 27, 1937, a copy of which had been prepared for each Commissioner, calling attention to the amount of present allowable mileage of the Seven Percent System, outside of Reservations, which is 1,498 miles; that outside of Reservations, is 1,454.24 miles, leaving the approximate mileage available for future addition, outside of Reservations, 43.7 miles, of which application has been made to the Bureau of Public Roads for approval of about 34 miles from Junction of U. S. 80 at Lowell toward Fort Huachuca, but which approval, as yet, has not been obtained.

Provided mileage treated with asphaltic treatment will be considered by the Bureau of Public Roads as being adequately improved, the mileage yet to be oiled or paved or treated with asphaltic surface treatment after 1936-37 Program is completed to equal 90% of present allowable mileage, amounts to 56.72 miles. The State Engineer informed the Commission at this point that, according to the Hayden-Cartwright Act, the Seven Per Cent System may be increased one per cent after 90% of the Federal Aid System is completed, and if the Bureau of Public Roads will accept the Asphaltic Surface treatment, the Seven Per Cent System is very close to completion.

Commissioner Angle, stating it often takes sometime to get approval or action, made a motion that Highway 88, commonly known as the Steins Pass road, from the Arizona-New Mexico Boundary to where it reaches Highway 80 be included in the Federal Aid System when the mileage is available. The motion was seconded by Commissioner Seale, and at the request of Commissioner Angle a roll call was had. Commissioner Angle voted "Yes," Commissioner Langmade passed, Commissioner Seale voted "Yes," Commissioner Scott passed, and Commissioner Dowell requested further time for consideration before voting on this motion, inasmuch as he did not know the amount of mileage to be available and it was his opinion there would be a request from other parts of the State for some portion of the mileage; that he felt there is plenty of time in which to consider this matter, and he had received no requests from his County.

Before this motion was voted upon the State Engineer reminded the Commission that it would be necessary to make application for the additional one per cent that appears to be available.

The Commission recessed at 12:30 P. M., February 8, 1937, to convene again at 2:30 P. M., the same date.

The Commission reconvened at 2:30 P. M., all members present. The State Engineer was absent due to illness and Deputy State Engineer Smyth acted in his place.

The purchasing of new Highway Maps for the Year 1937 was taken up with the Commission by Mr. E. V. Miller, Engineer of Plans. He informed the Commission that the picture of the Grand Canyon, chosen by the Highway Commission sometime ago, had been submitted to Lithographers who pointed out to him reasons why it could not be used, and that the only way to obtain a good job on such picture would be to make a composite. The Western Lithograph and Office Supply Company of Wichita, Kansas, had of their own accord worked out a back, showing the Grand Canyon, which he presented to the Commission for examination.

Mr. Miller informed the Commission that the printed maps cost approximately 314 cents apiece last year and a tentative price obtained on Lithograph maps showed they would cost about 2.4 cents each; also, he estimated the Department would need 100,000 this year, pointing out that 50,000 were first ordered last year, which supply was exhausted in three months time; that another supply of 10,000 was ordered and it only lasted 60 days, when another supply of 10,000 was ordered, 20 per cent of which had to be returned because of poor workmanship. At this time his office has requests on hand for 50,000 maps and he recommended that inasmuch as the cost would be less than $2,500, an order for 100,000 maps be given to the Western Lithograph and Office Supply Company through their local representative; 80,000 to be shipped immediately and the balance of the order to be shipped after July 1, 1937.

After more discussion, it was regularly moved by Commissioner Angle, seconded by Commissioner Seale, and unanimously carried, that 100,000 maps be purchased from the Western Lithograph and Office Supply Company of Wichita,

Someone Close to Your Heart

If DISTANCE separates you it's next best to a visit hearing the voices of loved ones by telephone.

Long Distance rates are reduced all day Sundays and every night after 7 o'clock

ARIZONA HIGHWAYS

Kansas, through their local representa-tive, on the basis of their offer of 2.4 cents per map; 60,000 maps to be delivered in six weeks to two months time, or at the earliest possible delivery date, and the balance to be delivered after July 1, 1937.

The Commission adjourned at 3:15 P. M., February 8, 1937, to meet again at 2:00 P. M., February 9, 1937.

The Commission reconvened at 2:55 P. M., February 9, 1937, in open session in their offices in the Highway Building. Those present were: Chairman Dowell, Vice-Chairman Angle, Commissioners Langmade, Scott, and Seale, also the State Engineer, the Secretary and Assistant Attorney General A. R. Lynch.

The Commission recessed at 3:05 P. M., to go into executive session, and meeting again in open session about 3:20 P. M., in their offices in the Highway Building, it was regularly moved by Commissioner Langmade, seconded by Commissioners Scott and Seale, and unanimously carried, that the approach from the Parker Bridge be constructed to connect with California Avenue.

Upon the request of Commissioner Langmade that the motion on which he passed at the meeting yesterday be read, it was regularly moved by Commissioner Angle, seconded by Commissioner Seale, and carried, Chairman Dowell not voting, that Highway 86, commonly known as the Steins Pass Highway, from the Arizona-New Mexico boundary to where it reaches Highway 80, be included in the Federal Aid System. Commissioner Dowell stated that yesterday he asked for further time on this motion because he felt the people in Cochise County should be consulted. In case some of the people on this highway may lose the highway entirely, he felt they should be given that courtesy, especially, since, in his opinion, there is plenty of time in which to settle this matter.

New Mexico boundary to where it reaches Highway 80, be included in the Federal Aid System. Commissioner Dowell stated that yesterday he asked for further time on this motion because he felt the people in Cochise County should be consulted. In case some of the people on this high-way may lose the highway entirely, he felt they should be given that courtesy, especially, since, in his opinion, there is plenty of time in which to settle this matter.

It was regularly moved by Commissioner Angle, seconded by Commissioner Seale, and unanimously carried, that the State Engineer make the proper application to the Bureau of Public Roads for the additional one per cent. which appears is available to the Federal Aid System.

A delegation appeared before the Commission concerning the exemption of farm plant and farm operating trucks from weight fees or taxes. The delegation consisted of Messrs. L. D. Homman, Hollis B. Gray, W. L. Smith, Nat M. Dysart and Geo. F. Cocke of the State Farm Bureau; Fred Kruse and W. F. Moore of the State Farmers' Union. The delegation asked the Commission to cooperate with them in gaining the exemption requested, which they stated is in effect in the States of Idaho and Texas, and they pointed out that 90 per cent of the mileage traveled by farm trucks is on the ranches while only 10 per cent is on the highways and the weight taxes makes it prohibitive for the farmer to use the trucks he now owns. The delegation also contented that if the farmer could be exempt from the weight fees and could have the trucks he really needed, he would contribute greatly to the gas tax. When asked how this would affect the man who handles other than farm products, the question of class legislation was brought up. A great deal of discussion was had, during which all of the delegates were given an opportunity to express them-selves, and it was decided that the matter be carried over until the next meeting of the Commission at which time Mr. D. B. Hutchins, Motor Vehicle Superintendent, give the Highway Commission a recom-mendation on the matter. This subject was brought up again a little later on during the meeting and at that time, it was regularly moved by Commissioner Seale, seconded by Commissioner Lang-made and unanimously carried, that Mr. D. B. Hutchins, Motor Vehicle Superin-tendent, be authorized to confer with this committee with reference to their re-quest in order to determine what may be worked out for their benefit and in what way the Highway Commission may cooperate with them.

There being nothing further to come before the Commission, it was regularly moved, seconded, and carried, that the Commission adjourn at 5:00 P. M., February 9, 1937, to meet again at the call of the Chairman, Just “starting up” after a normal traffic stop can waste enough gasoline to drive your car a third of a mile.

To reduce the waste of stop and go, Shell engineers developed a way to “balance” gasoline.

This balancing process completely rearranges the chemical structure of gasoline makes Super-Shell “digestible” for your motor just as cooking will make some foods digestible for you.

“Motor-digestible” is the best way to describe this gasoline.

Under all stop-and-go driving conditions, you'll find your motor gets the full benefit of Super-Shell's high energy content.

And you get the savings! Super-Shell is on sale from coast to coast. There's a Shell station in your neighborhood.