YOURS FOR SAFETY IN 1939

The Upper Dwelling, the largest on the monument, stood three stories high and contains from sixty to seventy rooms. Little work has been done by archaeologists on this section of the ruins. Park rangers are on duty to conduct visitors to the site of the Lower Ruins where lectures are given concerning its history and construction. THE ARIZONA HIGHWAY PATROL IS GUARDIAN OF PUBLIC SAFETY ON HIGHWAYS

THE primary function of the Arizona highway patrol is to safe-guard the rights and property of the public on the highways of Arizona.

The patrol is an instrument of service to the public. The patrolman is essentially a police officer; yet the days when the officer's principal qualifications were bluff and brute force are long since gone. The patrolman of today is intelligent, experienced and of high morale. He must be fitted by temperament and training to assume the patrolman's responsibility.

W. T. Allen, superintendent of the Arizona highway patrol, appointed to that position by Governor Jones, is well qualified for the patrol superintendency. A long-time resident of Arizona, he served as deputy sheriff of Maricopa county and for two years was highway patrol sergeant, with jurisdiction over Maricopa county and central Arizona. A veteran of the World War, Mr. Allen is a trained, experienced officer.

A. P. (Jack) Buzard, assistant superintendent of the patrol, is also an experienced police officer. He served with Mr. Allen as deputy sheriff of Maricopa county and also had training as a highway patrolman before taking over his new duties as assistant superintendent of the patrol.

Under the leadership of these two men the Arizona highway patrol is functioning with greater efficiency than ever. The training of the patrol personnel has been intensive and thorough.

"We have made every effort," Mr. Buzard says, "to secure qualified men and we feel that we have succeeded in gathering a group of courteous, intelligent patrolmen whose chief aim is to make our highways safe for traffic and to render help when our citizens and tourists need us."

The Arizona patrolman is familiar with the structure of the state govern-

W. T. ALLEN Superintendent Arizona Highway Patrol A. P. (Jack) BUZARD Assistant Superintendent Arizona Highway Patrol

Under the direction of Bill Allen and Jack Buzard, the Arizona highway patrol is making every effort to eliminate from the highways the accident hazard and to have the patrol render the greatest amount of service possible to the citizens of Arizona and the thousands of visitors who come to the state each year.

ment which he serves. He has learned about its several divisions, understands their relation to the patrol and realizes how, as an officer, he can be of service to them. He also studies the federal and local governments, and makes every ef fort to cooperate with them to the best of his ability.

The patrolmen have been taught the physical and commercial geography of the state, the system of transportation by highways in the fourteen counties and the principal cities which these highways link together. He is familiar with the industries of the state, the distribution of population and the racial elements. All of this is essential as it prepares him to meet the varying conditions that characterize different communities and equips him to aid the traveler who is on business or in search of points of tourist interest.

The patrol school gives special attention to motor vehicle operation and to the traffic laws governing these vehicles. Every patrolman is required to have a thorough working knowledge of laws and violations which are most conducive to accidents. He must be equipped to investigate cases efficiently and give adequate reports covering every detail.

A complete Red Cross course in first aid is given in the patrol school. The value of this particular instruction has been demonstrated many times when lives were saved, which might have been lost if efficient first aid had not been given.

In 1938, 359,438 tourists entered Arizona through the courtesy checking stations, yet there was a decrease of 6.7% in accidents and 22½% decrease in the death toll during that period.

Arizona has a large number of points of interest for the tourist to see the Grand Canyon, which was visited by 336,557 persons in 1938, Painted Desert, Petrified Forest, numerous historical ruins, elaborate missions, and various typical western events each year, not to mention the climate of southern Arizona for our winter visitors and the mountain resorts for the summer tourists.

To the visitors, the Arizona highway patrol extends to you a cordial invitation on coming to this state with the assurance the patrol stands ever ready to be of service in every way possible.

ARIZONA -IN THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR

(Continued from Page 5) taken to the top of a hill and raised above a blockhouse, the staff lashed to the flagpole. When the flag was unfurled to the breeze it was easily identified by its ribbons as belonging to the Arizona regiment. The band of a regular infantry regiment that was on a transport in the harbor struck up, "There'll Be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight." There was a fusilade of revolver shots, and the whistles of the fifty or more ships and transports in the harbor joined in the salute. Then the guns of the battle fleet took up the note of honor to the flag that led our troops to signal victory, was carried when our conquering army triumphantly marched into Santiago and now reposes in a glass case in the office of the governor of Arizona.

With the possible exception of the Charge of the Light Brigade at Balaklava it is doubtful if any regiment of soldiers has had more fame or glory than has been given to this body of men "led by a doctor and sponsored by a dude."

Of all this hard riding, quick shooting bunch of frontiersmen and eastern business men, millionaires and muckers, bankers and bums, there was none more colorful than Bucky O'Neill. Ever found where fighting was fiercest and danger greatest, seemingly absolutely devoid of fear, he yet was ever careful that his men would not unnecessarily expose themselves to danger, and it was while walking along a line of earthworks, behind which his men lay concealed while he himself was in full view of the enemy at the battle of Santiago, Cuba, that a shot from a sniper's gun laid him low.

He was killed July 2, 1898, and buried in Cuba. His body was afterwards brought to the United States and reinterred in the National Cemetery at Arlington D. C. on May 1, 1899.

President McKinley issued a second call for volunteers on May 25, 1898. At that time Myron H. McCord, governor of Arizona, resigned his office and raised a regiment of more than a thousand men, but again Washington intervened and Arizona was allotted three hundred twenty-five men. Companies formed were: Company "A," Phoenix, officered by George C. Christy, Captain; F. W. Hill, First Lieutenant; E. M. Lamson, Second Lieutenant.

Company "B," Tucson, Herbert S. Gray, Captain; Wiley E. Jones, First Lieutenant; Emanuel Drachman, Second Lieutenant.

Company "C," Prescott, C. E. DonaldSon, Captain; F. D. Hochderfer, First Lieutenant; W. G. Scott, Second Lieutenant.

J. W. Crenshaw was regimental adjutant, and Frank Russell, major, commanded the battalion.

The other companies were recruited in Indian Territory, New Mexico, and Oklahoma.

This regiment, known as the 1st Territorial Volunteer Infantry, had its rendezvous at Lexington, Kentucky, afterward going to Albany, Georgia. Though they saw no active service, they lost more men in the typhoid camps than many other regiments did in actual battle. They were mustered out of the service in February, 1899. So much for Cuba.

Admiral Dewey who had command of the Pacific fleet had sunk Montejo's fleet in Manila Bay, May 1, 1898, and reduced the fortifications at Cavite. Then he assisted Major General Wesley Merritt, in charge of land forces, in taking the city of Manila, which occurred August 13, 1898.

The Filipinos, under the leadership of Emil Aguinaldo and his lieutenant, Manuel Quizon, had long been in rebellion against the Spaniards and had a rather well organized, though poorly equipped, army. When the City of Manila surrendered, the insurgent natives were not allowed to share the victory. This caused much dissatisfaction, and on February 4, 1899, an insurrection was started against the United States which was not officially ended until July 2, 1902.

Pages could be written regarding the heroic action of our armed forces while on duty in the Far East, which also included the relief of the foreigners in the fortified city of Tientsin at the time of the Boxer Rebellion in China. It was then we demonstrated that the American was the peer of any soldier in the civilized world. To speak of Funston's 20th Kansas, the Astor Light Battery, Bullard's Indians, and many other volunteer units, would only emphasize the work done by our good old regulars, infantry, cavalry, artillery, marines and sailors who went in and fought when there was fighting to be done, and when the enemy was conquered came home and resumed the peaceful pursuits of their lives where they had left off.

Arizona was not without representation in the Philippines, as Captain Max Luna of New Mexico, who commanded a troop of Roosevelt's Rough Riders in Cuba, secured 54 men from Arizona in Company E, 34th U. S. Volunteer Infantry. R. C. Stanford, later to become Governor of Arizona, who had been rejected by the Rough Riders on account of his youth, served as a sergeant of that company; and according to stories told by his comrades, served faithfully and well.

Although only 600 soldiers enlisted for the Spanish-American War from Arizona, there are now, forty years later, more than one thousand veterans of that war in this state. They are banded together in an organization which is known as the United Spanish War Veterans. There are camps in Phoenix, Tucson, Prescott, Globe, Bisbee, Douglas, Flagstaff, and Yuma, composing the Department of Arizona.

Recently, fifteen of them donned their khaki uniforms, laced leggings, and campaign hats and rode horseback five miles in a civic parade held in Phoenix. Of the fifteen, only one-Cal Carlson, Past Commander of Mesa Camp, a member of T Troop 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry-enlisted in Arizona. The majority of them, however, had resided in Arizona for more than thirty years.

The Spanish War Veterans of Arizona point with pride to the fact that three of their Comrades have been Governors of Arizona: Governor Myron MeCord, appointed by President McKinley, July 17, 1897 and resigned the next year to become Colonel of the First Territorial Volunteer Infantry; Lieutenant Colonel Alexander O. Brodie, of Roosevelt's Rough Riders, who served as Governor of Arizona from 1902-1905, and R. C. Stanford, a Sergeant in Company "E" thirty fourth Infantry served as governor from January 1, 1937 to January 1, 1939. And renowned, too, is our own "Isabella of Arizona," the widow of John C. Greenway, 1st Lieutenant "A" Troop of the Rough Riders. Mrs. Greenway served with distinction as our representative in the United States Congress, 1935-1936.

GOLDWATERS MERCHANTS SINCE 1862

building converted into a theatre. In 1937 a new and modern Goldwaters store was opened in Prescott.

Mike Goldwater, the frontier merchant, served as mayor of Prescott in 1885. Shortly thereafter he moved to San Francisco, where he died in 1906. His brother, Joseph, who helped him run the mill at Wickenburg, did not remain long in this state. He later settled in Southern California and became asso-ciated in the manufacture of the famous Boss overalls.

Michael Goldwater was assisted in the merchandising by his sons, Baron and Morris. Morris Goldwater was born in London, England, in 1852. He came to California as a baby, residing with his family at Stockton, San Francisco and Los Angeles. He came to Arizona in 1867, first to La Paz and Ehrenberg, later to Phoenix and Prescott.

Baron Goldwater was born in Los Angeles in 1865. He came to Arizona in 1885, assisting his brother and his father in the mercantile business in both Phoenix and Prescott. The store in Phoenix was opened about 1872. It was sold when the Prescott store was opened in 1879.

In 1882 Baron Goldwater proposed that the firm reopen the Phoenix store.

His brother, Morris, opposed the venture. After discussion it was agreed that the two brothers would play a game of casino to decide the matter. Baron proved the luckier or the more skilled player because he won, and so the Goldwater banners entered again in the merchandising field in Phoenix.

The first store in Phoenix was established on Jefferson street, near the present location of Barrows Furniture company and was in a small adobe building of which there are no existing records or photographs. The store was sold out to an eastern firm a few years later and the Goldwaters left Phoenix for a period of five or six years, returning around 1888 to re-establish themselves in a location in the rear of the Fleming building, which is now the Phoenix National Bank. They stayed in this location for some time, moving to east Washington street, where the Popular Dry Goods company is now located, about 1900. They were in this location until 1908, at which time Goldwaters moved into the present location where they have been in Phoenix ever since.

During the period that the Phoenix store has been open, Goldwaters have contributed much to Phoenix and Arizona. The firm held the early mail and freight contracts with Fort McDowell, supplying that army post with the necessary food and what mail came to Phoenix for the soldiers. This trip was made in buggy, or wagon, according to the size of the load and was a two day trip, requiring one day to get to Fort McDowell and the next day to come back. Travelling at night in those days was not a very healthy pastime because of the Indian population that loved to take pot shots at travelling white men.

Morris Goldwater established the first telegraph line into Phoenix and furnished the first telegraph instruments at his own expense and operated them. He confesses that he was never an expert operator, in fact, the term of his operating service lasted just long enough for him to receive the mesage for him to "get the hell off the wire." It seems his mastery of the Morse code did not impress the other end of the line.

He was mayor of Prescott for twenty years; 1879, then from 1894 to 1896, again in 1905 and 1912. Then from 1919 to 1927. That is longer than any other person is known to hold office of mayor in the United States. He was a member of the Prescott city council from 1882 to 1883, then from 1899 to 1900. He was a member of Council, 12th Legislative Assembly. Chief Clerk of the House, 13th Legislative Assembly, 1885. He was a member of the County Board of Examiners, 1885. Chairman, Democratic Central Territorial Committee, 1888-1890. He was Supervisor, Yavapai County, 1889-1891. And was elected President of the Legislative Council. He was appointed by the Governor as Member of Territorial Board of Equalization for 4 years 1894 to 1898. He was delegate to, and Vice President of, the Constitutional Convention, Territory of Arizona, in 1910, and he was State Senator in 1915 and 1916. His Masonic work has included practically everything and every honor that the order has to bestow. He became a Mason in 1877. He served as Worshipful Master of Aztlan Lodge in 1881 and 1882. He was elected Junior Grand Warden in 1882. He was Chairman of the Committee on Correspondence from 1882 to 1891 and again in 1902. He He has been representative of the Grand Lodge of New York since 1883. He was elected Secretary of Aztlan Lodge, No. 1, in 1883 and served from that time, with the exception of a few years, until 1905. He was elected Grand Senior Warden in 1886, installed Deputy Grand Master in 1887, installed as Grand Master in 1898. He has been representative of the Grand Lodge of California since 1889. Grand Representative R. A. C. of District of Columbia since 1892. Reelected as Worshipful Master in 1898 and 1889. He was Grand Lecturer in 1890, 1892, and 1902. He was crowned honorary 33rd degree at San Francisco, 1903. He was representative to United Grand Lodge of the A. & F. M. of England, at London, 1919, has been a Life Member of the Mecca Temple of New York since 1895, an Honorary Member of El Zaribah Temple, in Phoenix. He is also a member of the Elks, being initiated and elected into that body in 1905 and being elected Exalted Ruler in 1913. He was District Deputy in 1921 and 1922 and has been Chairman of the Board of Trustees since 1929. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and Knights of Phythias. He died in Prescott last month, revered by his countless friends in this state.

Baron Goldwater continued to develop the business after his coming to Phoenix and presented to Arizona, in 1919, the first major improvement in department stores in this state. Goldwaters, in that year, featured the first passenger elevators in a department store in the state. They featured the first delivery services; a new cash carrier system was installed, it being the first in the southwest of its kind and general remodeling and modernizing of the store took place. In 1925 he opened a shop in the San Marcos Hotel, in Chandler, which continued in business until 1935. He was instrumental in the building of the Arizona Biltmore and he established a shop its opening year, which has continued to serve the guests of the hotel every season since. He gave to the store an undying name for quality and through his excellent taste and buying wisdom, made it possible for the women of Arizona to purchase the finest of merchandise from all corners of the globe. Baron Goldwater died in 1929. He was active in community affairs in Phoenix for years, helped found the Phoenix Country Club, the Arizona club, and served for years as board member of the Phoenix chamber of commerce. The store carried on the pioneering instincts fostered by its founder and continued to grow and carry on those ideals that have been its basic reason for success since its inception. It is fast becoming an internationally recognized store through its national advertising program and its program of advertising things unique to the southwest and to Arizona. Goldwaters are proud of the part that their institution has played in the development of Arizona and they look forward to a continuance of the prosperity the state has always enjoyed and to Goldwaters share of the work to be done in the future development of the state.

The Goldwater tradition in Arizona merchandising continues with Barry and Bob Goldwater, sons of Baron. The boys were born in Phoenix and were educated in the public schools of Arizona's capital city. They began their service with the Phoenix store in their late teens and have demonstrated their capacity to carry on an illustrious tradition as well as to keep abreast of the Twentieth Century merchandising trend. Goldwaters of today is a mercantile establishment of great distinction, founded, operated and expanded by distinguished Arizonans. It represents the achievement of three-quarters of a century in Arizona merchandising, and it also represents a continued assurance of the future development of the state.

APACHE TRAIL

(Continued from Page 9) To reach heights well over a thousand feet, rising sheer from the surface of the water. The mirror-like reflections from the placid surface are almost as absorbing as are the views of the crags whose images are borne. There is something overwhelming in the still majesty of the cliffs.

In these canyons hundreds of familiar profiles can be seen outlined in the rocks of the cliffs and with the least stretch of the imagination, many hundreds more can be identified as resembling something or other. Among the most prominent likenesses are The Owl, Apache Maiden, Kneeling Camel, Mother Eagle, Monkey, Mark Twain and Boston Bulldog and Chicken.

The road winds down skirting Canyon Lake for some two miles and, crossing Willow Creek and Canyon Lake bridge, the Port of Phoenix is reached, some fifty miles distant from Phoenix. At the boat dock here, outboard motor boats, taxi boats and row boats are available. Arrangements can also be made for cruiser trips.

About a mile beyond, climbing back into the hills, a road branches off to Saguaro Park, and another mile along, another road turns to another retreat, Surprise Canyon. The trail winds around and down to Tortilla Flat, so named because the rock formations here resemble a huge platter stacked with tortillas, which is the Spanish food shaped like pancakes.

The scene has changed considerably. There are cattle grazing on green fields, presenting a pastoral effect and a pleasant transition from a breath-taking trip thus far. Five and a half miles beyond Tortilla Flat a side road to the left leads to Horse Mesa Dam, which forms Apache Lake soon to be reached.

For several miles the highway tra-verses a high plateau but after crossing Ash Creek bridge a few miles along, the most spectacular scenic excitement of the entire trip begins. The curving mountain road winds through canyons tortuous and high-walled, over steep sum-mit ridges and along the verge of preci-pices that sink for hundreds of feet be-low.

Whispering Horse Canyon, sometimes called Devil's Canyon, cuts a deep gash, appearing almost bottomless, through the pass here. Looking over the protective railing into this rugged gorge, as fan-tastic as its name, the sight is awesome in its severity. The wind blowing through this canyon has given rise to a legend that the whispering winds caused dread superstitions among the Indians.

Occasionally glimpses of the old Apache Trail are seen. This historic thorough-fare, dimmed by the years, was maintain-ed and used by the Apache Indians, treacherous villains of American history, going to and from their raids on the pioneer settlements in the valleys, steal-ing crops and stored grain. Possibly the trail was old before the Apaches came for it may have been used by the ancient cliff dwellers, the ruins of whose homes rest high in the cliff walls farther up the trail.

Winding around four miles of upgrade, the summit of Fish Creek Hill is reached. Here there is a magnificent panorama as far as the eye can reach. Looking down over the brink into Fish Creek Canyon over a thousand feet below, it is almost unbelievable that a trail could be built to negotiate such a startling descent in less than two and a half miles in safety. Hugging the perpen-dicular walls, the trip down Fish Creek Hill is a never-to-be-forgotten sensation in nature's handiwork and beauty. Paint-ed cliffs in gorgeous colors of red, pur-ple, gold, green, copper and bronze, blend and contrast in countless combinations. Grotesque carvings and crags of varied hues dazzle the eye and stimulate the imagination beyond all reason. Great walls of bronze rise sheer many hundreds of feet, almost shutting out the outside world in its mysterious spectre as the steep descent progresses. Twisting, turning, in and out in a series of wild hairpin maneuvers, the trail, which has been cut through solid rock here at great cost, follows the contour of the tortuous canyon sides. Reaching the depths and driving south, crossing Fish Creek bridge, a sharp turn to the north is made and one can almost reach out and touch the road just passed, they parallel so closely.

Through the narrow depths of the canyon at the base of these mountains is beautiful Apache Lake, a long picturesque lake-esque reservoir held by the Horse Mesa dam. Like a magnificent mirror this body of water reflects the colorful cliffs which rise thousands of feet above its surface. Horse Mesa Dam, which is seventeen miles below Roosevelt Dam, is 305 feet high and 540 feet long and has a capacity of 43,000 horsepower. The dam and plant cost $4,237,000. Like the others, it too is hidden from sight far up in the canyons.

On the north side of the canyon below Horse Mesa Dam site and about one thousand feet above the water level, is situated a large cave known for years as Skeleton Cave. At this point in 1872, Captain Burns, of the 5th U. S. Cavalry and his attachment of soldiers, after following the hostile Apaches all day, finally ran them into this cave, which is admirably situated for defense. Finding he could not approach the cave, he ordered his men to fire in volleys at the roof and sides of the cave, and in this manner almost a hundred Apaches were killed by the ricochet of the soldier's bullets. But one Indian escaped alive, a boy about seven years old. He was taken in charge by the soldiers and called Mike. Later the name Burns was added. The boy grew to manhood and spent his entire life in Arizona, during which time he became quite prominent figure.

The trail follows Apache Lake for sev-eral miles. Giant cactus grows in profusion here. One of the world's largest species is indicated by a marker to the left of the road. There is considerable ocotillo and yucca scattered over the countryside. Yucca, sometimes called Spanish Bayonet, is a plant having long, rigid, lily-like leaves from the midst of which extends a long, rugged stem topped by a large, loosely branched cluster of ivory colored bell-shaped blossoms. This flower is the state flower of New Mexico and is very beautiful. There are numer-ous varieties of cactus growing here.

After crossing the Pine Creek bridge and looking back, you gaze at Apache Lake sparkling in the Arizona sun like a myriad of jewels. The giant cactus grows thicker here almost a forest of these weird creations of plant life. Con trasting with the reds and whites of the roadbed earlier on the trip, the road now cuts through rock of rich green and pale purples, appearing as if painted by the brush of an artist. Surely, of all the beauties of nature, none could be more fascinating than this sight.

As the trail climbs the canyon sides and leads around the shoulders of the hills, the scenery changes in infinite variety, almost moment by moment. Apache Lake parallels the highway almost to Roosevelt Dam which suddenly appears as we circle a great ledge of rock-as suddenly and spectacular as the many other sensations of the Apache Trail. Spread out beyond the dam is the placid Roosevelt Lake, which, when full to capacity, extends for a distance of 23 miles and covers nearly 18,000 acres.

Roosevelt Dam is the highest rubblemasonry, arch-gravity type dam in the world. It is 284 feet high from bed rock and is 1,125 feet in length over all. The thickness at the base is 184 feet, tapering to 16 feet at the top. The capacity of the power plant is 24,000 horsepower and the dam and plant, up to 1927, cost $5,442,000. This dam formed the storage agency for the first large irrigation project in the United States and was built during the administration of Theodore Roosevelt.

Actual construction of the dam was started in 1906. The region was quite inaccessible at the time and it was necessary to construct a road from the site toward Globe in one direction and toward Phoenix in the other in order to bring in materials and supplies. This road, long known as the Tonto Trail and later as Roosevelt Road, - is now the Apache Trail. Incidentally, this new trail was built by Apache Indians subdued, peaceful Indians from nearby reservations in contrast to the warring, treacherous bands of earlier days who crossed the old trail to their mountain hideouts.

Roosevelt Dam was completed in 1911 and was dedicated by Theodore Roosevelt in the presence of a gala throng who accompanied the ex-president on the trip from Phoenix via the Apache Trail to the dam. In his dedicatory address he said," I wish to congratulate all who have taken part in this extraordinary work here, and gentlemen, first of all I want to thank you for naming the dam after me. I do not know if it is of any consequence to a man whether he has a monument: I know it is of mighty little consequence whether he has a statue after he is dead. If there can be any monument which would appeal to any man, surely it is this. You could not have done anything which would have pleased and touched me more than to name this great dam, this great reservoir site, after me, and I thank you from the bottom of my heart for having done so."

A sixteen-foot roadway traverses the top of the dam and Apache Lodge, a resort hostelry, lies directly across, overlooking the blue waters of Roosevelt Lake. This road leads north to Tonto Basin, an area rich in history and scene of the notorious Graham-Tewksbury cattle-sheep feud; the Mogollon Rim noted wild game region; Tonto Natural Bridge, world's largest travertine arch; Montezuma Castle National Monument, prehistoric cliff dwellings; Montezuma Well, natural phenomenon; and to the northern lakes and Flagstaff.

Three miles along is the entrance to Tonto National Monument, ruins of ancient dwellings high up in the cliffs, overlooking the fertile valleys below. From the entrance, this road leads one mile south into a canyon, terminating at the monument headquarters from where the Lower Dwelling can be plainly seen. The Lower Dwelling is 300 feet up in a cliff recess and is reached by a half-mile foot trail which has been constructed in switch-back fashion to make the ascent less difficult. The Upper Dwelling is 300 feet beyond and is not visible from the lower rim or the headquarters, and at present, visitors are not taken to that section of the monument.

cient dwellings high up in the cliffs, overlooking the fertile valleys below. From the entrance, this road leads one mile south into a canyon, terminating at the monument headquarters from where the Lower Dwelling can be plainly seen. The Lower Dwelling is 300 feet up in a cliff recess and is reached by a half-mile foot trail which has been constructed in switch-back fashion to make the ascent less difficult. The Upper Dwelling is 300 feet beyond and is not visible from the lower rim or the headquarters, and at present, visitors are not taken to that section of the monument.

Pueblo Indians, apparently of high civilization, built these homes some 600 years ago, selecting fortified positions in sheltered clefts of the hillsides, as a measure of protection from marauding tribes.

The Lower Dwelling is a two-story house of twenty-nine rooms. The front wall, which has partly fallen away, was solid except for several port holes and the entrance. As the structure was situated, attack was possible only from the front side. The floor is of clay, hard packed, and the posts and beams of cypress across which are cypress and juniper boughs, saguaro ribs and river reeds, with a top dressing of adobe. The adobe plaster was smeared on by hand and finger prints of the builders are plainly visible in several places.

The Upper Dwelling, the largest on the monument, stood three stories high and contains from sixty to seventy rooms. Little work has been done by archaeologists on this section of the ruins. Park rangers are on duty to conduct visitors to the site of the Lower Ruins where lectures are given concerning its history and construction.

Returning to the Apache Trail, there is a gradual drop toward Miami and Globe after leaving the summit of the trail, about fifteen miles beyond the cliff dwellings. From Roosevelt Dam to the summit nearly 4,000 feet above sea level, a steady climb of some 2,000 feet has been made. The hills through here are rockstrewn and covered with several varieties of vegetation.

Passing Smoke Signal Peak, White Mountain, Pinal Canyon, and leaving Crook National Forest, soon the great Miami smelters appear. At Claypool Junction, the road to the right leads to Miami, three miles distance, and to the left, to Globe, four miles beyond. The Globe-Miami mining district is one of the richest in the United States in the production of copper.

On the return trip, the Superior highway, one of the most fascinating scenic routes in the state, may be taken, completing the loop back to Apache Junction and Phoenix. •

"You may need the cartridge." The In-dian then stooped over Middleton and ran his finger into the wound and said, "Yes, he is dead."

Middleton said that the Kid had sat beside him on the way and he had sup-plied him with cigarettes and had lighted them for the Kid and to this little act of kindness he thought he owed his life. He believes the Kid looked into his eyes and could see that he was living. The Indians ran to the top of a little knoll, gave a loud yell for their freedom and started up the Gila River.Middleton-weak and dizzy-managed to make his way back to Riverside where a mounted messenger, Shorty Saylor, took the news on back to Globe, reach-ing there about noon. Immediately the telegraph lines were busy and San Carlos was notified. I happened to be the receiv-ing operator and hastened to Al Sieber with the terrible news, whose comment was, "I was afraid of that, and that was my reason for offering the scout escort to Casa Grande." From his bed, Sieber directed a scout detail of twenty men under Lieut Watson to take the trail.

Troop G of the 4th cavalry, under Lieut. Wilder and Lieut. Hardman also left for the scene, and, in fact, troops and scouts were rushed from half a dozen Arizona posts.

Sizable rewards were offered to the Indians for the bodies of these renegades, dead or alive, with the assurance the matter would be kept a profound secret. This brought results and in a short timeAl Sieber was awakened one night by an Indian who informed him that if he would go to a certain spot, he would find the body of one of them. He was also told he would find a monument of stones be-side the body, which was for the purpose of proving this Indian's claim to the reward. A few nights later, the Indian returned for the reward and was paid. A short time following, this occurrence was repeated, another renegade ac-counted for and another Indian collected the reward. But the Kid was too clever, and retained his freedom.

On one of the Kid's prowlings, he cap-tured an Indian girl named Joe Ashey, at Seven Miles Wash. She was the sister-in-law of Es-kim-en-zin, a prominent chief. The alarm was quickly given and troops and scouts were on the trail, but with his cunning he eluded all capture and successfully made his way to Mex-ico with his captive. Joe Ashey was a girl of spirit and for the first few days the Kid watched her closely, even tying her wrists at night when they slept to prevent her doing him possible harm.

After several months in the Sierra Ma-dres, the Kid was absent hunting one day, Joe selected the best saddle horse and ran away determined to return to her people at San Carlos. When she ar-rived at the little town of Mammoth, out-run him, but he shot and killed her horse and again started for Mexico. So cleverly could he avoid leaving a trail, that following was unsuccessful.

During all the depredations of the Kid, his thin, old, careworn mother took his crimes very much to heart. Every morn-ing at sunrise and evening at sundown, following the Apache custom of mourn-ing the dead, she went to a hill and gave her mournful cry which sounded not unlike the weird call of the coyote. The mother passed away years ago, but his sister, the only living member of his family, is on the reservation with her family. I saw her a short time ago and showed her the Kid's picture, also one of Sieber. She held them in her hands, called them "Brother" and said she would like to have the pictures.The Kid was married only once, and then to the daughter of a San Carlos Indian, and a son and a daughter were born before the Kid turned renegade. None of them ever accompanied him on any of his raids.

During the earlier years of his outlawry, a number of his relatives and friends were suspected by the military of aiding the Kid by furnishing him food, ammunition and information. As a re-sult, some prominent Apaches were shipped to Fort Marion, Alabama, for internment. Among them were Chief Es-kin-en-zin, Captain Chiquito, Captain Jack, Kin-de-lay with others, besides his mother, wife, and children. Seeingtheir banishment did not help the cap-ture of the Kid, they were returned to their homes. After their return, his daughter married Oliver Belvodo, In-dian merchant at San Carlos at the pres-ent time, but she lived only a short time.

Al Sieber always believed that the Kid's downfall was more misunderstanding than criminal intention. He sent word to the Kid that he wished him to come in and surrender and every cent of the $5,000 reward would be used inprocuring his pardon. I accompanied Sieber on long trips to places where the Kid was known to frequent and camped in the open, sitting beside our camp-fire, waiting, but the Kid who had promised, never came.

To recount in detail all of the deviltry of the Kid would fill a volume. He kidnapped, murdered, robbed, as the mood dictated, but not without his heart being touched at times as will have been noted. His own tribesmen feared him equally with the whites. I do not know of an instance where a white woman or child was molested. He knew the country from Colorado away down into Mexico and over all of this vast region, his activities extended.

The last squaw captured was probably the congenial woman, and the pair remained in the beautiful Sierra Madres of Mexico..

Tired, ragged and hungry, she determined to risk a day's rest and made her camp out in the brush of the San Pedro. In order to get food, she had to go to the little store and her purchases were paid with shining twenty dollar gold pieces.

These immediately aroused suspicion, she was arrested and the agent at San Carlos notified, who sent scouts to bring her to the agency. She was soon recognized as Joe Ashey whom the Kid had stolen and who in turn had run away from the Kid. She was taken to relatives who lived at the Victor Bluffs near San Carlos.

A couple of prominent young cavalry lieutenants applied for and were granted roving commissions for the express purpose of hunting the Kid. They were Lieut. Clark, of the 10th, and Lieut. Averill, of the 4th cavalry, and were given freedom from garrison duties, allowed to select the personnel of their commands of enlisted men, scouts and packers and to go when and where they pleased in line of duty. One of these officers securing Joe Ashey as guide, set out for Mexico in hopes of finding the Kid at one of his hide-outs in the Sierra Madres. The camps were found but no trace of the Kid. Upon returning to San Carlos, they found the Kid had been there and had stolen another girl. This capture had been near John Dazen's camp on Oak Creek on the reservation. This girl,