Along the Highways and Byways

A pageant in five scenes, written by Lytton Warnick Kernan, will be given at the South Rim of the Grand Canyon on August 10. This historical drama will depict the discovery of Grand Canyon by Captain Cardenas and his party.

built on that rim and the great hotels, on both rims themselves "like cathedrals in Seville," that had to be built to serve men and women who came from everywhere just to see that canyon.

In commemoration of the discovery of the Grand Canyon in 1540, a pageant depicting the actual arrival of Cardenas and his party at the Canyon will be given at Re-Discovery Point, South Rim of the Grand Canyon, the afternoon of Aug ust 10. This pageant, given under the sponsorship of the Ariz ona Coronado Cuarto Centennial Commission, has been writ ten by Lytton Warnick Kernan. Historical details, embellish ed with dramatic effects, will be recreated in the five scenes of the presentation.

The first scene of the pageant shows Captain Cardenas receiving instructions from Coronado at Cibola.

The second scene depicts the crossing of the Painted Desert, "where the rainbows were made," the third shows the arrival of the Cardenas party at the Hopi villages, the fourth arrival of the Cardenas party at the Hopi villages, the fourth scene finds Cardenas becoming ill and the march nearly stopped, and then the fifth scene deals with the party coming upon the Canyon.

The cast of the pageant has been selected from residents of Grand Canyon village, Williams, Flagstaff and other northern Arizona cities. Costumes will be authentic in every de Detail. The scenery will be the natural setting on the canyon rim, where the action will be depicted among the pine and cedar trees of the forest with the final scene being enacted on a beau tiful point with all the Grand Canyon as a glorious backdrop.

The presentation of the pageant affords a memorable opportunity for the traveler in the West to visit the Grand Can yon of Arizona. Each visit is in itself a discovery, for the Can yon has the peculiar charm of never being the same. If you are seeing it for the first time or for the hundredth time, you encounter it with the thrill of breath-taking discovery. The Grand Canyon is never a twice-told tale.

The Trails of the Conquistadores

(Continued from Page 13) agreed with El Turco as to the location and wealth of Quivira.

Four days of journey brought the army to the Rio Pecos, which they had to bridge, because it was in spring flood. The bridge which they painfully constructed was in the vicinity of the present town of Santa Rosa. Pushing on beyond, and in the general direction of what is now Tucumcari, they entered the upper valley of the Canadian River. Interestingly enough, as they thus entered the Texas Panhandle, they encountered a type of plains-dwelling Indian, whom they named the Teyos (Tejas), whence in later days would be derived the name of the American State of Texas. They were a simple folk, “who live like Arabs” in “tents made of the tanned skins of the cows. They travel around near the cows, killing them for food.” By “cows” of course Castañeda was referring to the plains bison, “vacas de tierra” as Cabeza de Vaca had called them. Castañeda was impressed by the seeming intelligence of these Indians because they could talk so easily with El Turco by signs; for the Spaniards did not realize how nearly universal in western North America was the Indian sign language. But they gave discouraging information, saying that Quivira lay far to the north and that the white men could not reach it by traveling eastward as El Turco was guiding them. It was pleasant, however, to have such a plentiful supply of fresh meat from the bison herds, and the Spaniards reveled in such good food. In a ravine where the army rested for several days, they found Indians in a village who could (or so the Spaniards judged by signs) remember the visit of Cabeza de Vaca and his companions.

The army had now turned southeastward. Somewhere along the upper reaches of either the Red or Colorado River, Coronado became discouraged, as well as suspicious of the motives of El Turco. Had he been merely sent to guide them to their deaths by hunger in this endless wilderness? Some Spaniards had been distrusting the Turk for a long time, and Isopete, the self-styled native of Quivira, had openly denounced him as an imposter. Just where the patience of Coronado gave out is uncertain; but many students have located the place where he decided on a change of plan as being somewhere on the Colorado River of Texas, southeast of the city of Big Spring. The situation appeared hopeless. They were dependent for food upon the bison, and many of the men had become lost in hunting these animals. The terrific hailstorms frightened them on this immense, ravine-cut plain. It was decided to divide the forces, and to send the main body of the army to turn back westward up the river and try to reach Tiguex; and Coronado with thirty horsemen, six foot soldiers and some Indian guides, was supposed to turn northward and make a straight journey to where Quivira was Supposed to lie. Tristan de Arellano took command of the westward-moving army, and Coronado departed with his group toward the north. Isopete had triumphed, and El Turco was taken along with the Quivira-bound party, in chains. Regardless of where this decision was made, it must have been a journey of hardship for the main army, since it was probably forced to cross the arid deserts of eastern New Mexico before reaching the Pecos again. But once having attained that stream, it was a relatively simple matter to ascend its valleys perhaps from the vicinity of Roswell, back to Pecos and on to Tiguex, which was reached in June. As for Coronado's mounted party, aided by Tejas guides, the journey to Quivira seems to have required forty-eight days of travel, “on account of the great detour they had made toward Florida,” under El Turco's guidance. Just how much of Texas was traversed is hard to say, but probably their route took them through western Oklahoma and across the valleys of the Red, Canadian, Cimarron and Arkansas rivers, and then to Quivira. Where was Quivira? Again students disagree. Some place it in the vicin ity of Wichita; others near the city of Manhattan, Kansas; still others at or near Junction City, on the Smoky Hill River. But it is generally conceded that Quivira was somewhere in central or eastern Kansas, and that it was a far greater disappointment to the Spaniards than had been Cíbola. Relics, more or less genuine, have been found in Kansas to prove the visit of Coronado a stone bearing an inscription which seems to read August 3 or 13, 1541, and part of the name Coronado; bits of old