ARIZONA AND THE WEST

ARIZONA and the

"The great west needs no artificial trappings to make a dramatic and meaningful story of its past. No geographical area on earth is better endowed with the real materials of history and heritage." -J. A. Carroll

WEST HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS DRAWINGS BY BARON STANHOPE

The exciting and colorful days when covered wagons labored across the rough and rugged country between Gulf coast towns of Texas and the adobe-walled settlement called Tucson were already a written part of the history of the West when John Alexander Carroll came to Arizona. But in his own time and in his own way, he is as much a pioneer as the men who yielded to the lure of the West a hundred years ago and began following the sun to the land that offered the opportunity to carve out a new life in undeveloped territory. Carroll's qualifications for this task were as ample as the well-stocked saddlebag of an early settler. He held the doctor of philosophy degree from Georgetown University, was head of the history department at Del Mar College in Corpus Christi, and had just been awarded the highly coveted Pulitzer Prize for historical biography. In addition to his broad knowledge of the West and his writing talent, he brought with him seemingly unlimited energy, the determination to make the new publication one of the best in the nation, and an almost single-minded dedication to history. He began his work at the University of Arizona in the fall of 1958, teaching courses in history and laying the groundwork for the new quarterly to be called ARIZONA and the WEST. By June of 1959 the first issue was ready for distribution to the almost one thousand historians, laymen, and librarians across the nation who had subscribed to the publication on the strength of Carroll's reputation as a highly talented and able historian. Reaction to the first turquoise issue was immediate and laudatory. Letters of congratulation and praise poured into the office of ARIZONA and the WEST. The subscription list swelled, and by January, 1960, copies of Volume one, Number one, had become collectors' items.

Some of the letters received praised the scholarly, yet highly readable, contents. Others commended the attractive format.

Many residents of Arizona, remembering the time more than twenty years ago when the state had a traditional-style historical journal, were highly elated with the new journal and did not hesitate to say soboth verbally and in print. Most of the newspapers in the state carried articles praising the new publication and the work of Editor Carroll. The publication they recalled was the old Arizona Historical Review which was published from 1928 until 1933 by the office of the state historian in Phoenix. This office was later absorbed into the office of the state Library and Archives. After an interruption of two years, seven issues of the review were published by the University of Arizona in collaboration with the Arizona Pioneers' Historical Society. The review died in 1936 with a paid subscription list of 43.

A quick look at the mailing list of ARIZONA and the WEST reveals the widespread interest in the new publication. Copies of each issue go to subscribers in every state in the Union-including the new states of Hawaii and Alaska and to a number of subscribers in foreign countries. In addition to individuals, museums, libraries, and various academic institutions throughout the nation, copies go out to movie studios, national magazines, the Library of Congress, the Smithsonian, military bases, bookdealers and collectors, and penal institutions. Carroll considers ARIZONA and the WEST to be "explorations in Western history from Cíbola to contemporary frontiers." In the first issue of the journal the editor's foreword - titled "The Birth of a Historical Review" - set down the objectives of the publication as "scholarship, readability, and permanent value." The article, in part, read: While its approach and techniques will always be historical, ARIZONA and the WEST at times will print contributions in the fields of archaeology, ethnology, cultural anthropology, folklore, art, political science, and economics No significant incident will be too small for attention in ARIZONA and the WEST, and no sweeping interpretation too large. Local history is requisite to the preservation of the heritage of a state and its people, but more significantly it is illustrative of the history of the region. Beyond this, regional history leads to an appreciative understanding of the history of the nation. There is nothing very profound in these statements, but they are important enough to emphasize. To comprehend the past of our great republic is to glimpse into its future. The American past may be best understood if it is viewed both in the valleys of proximity and from the mountain peaks of perspective. The use of local and regional history within the covers of our publication may place the reader simultaneously at both points of vantage. This, precisely, is what we hope to achieve.

Subscribers to the journal found in the second issue additional comments by Editor Carroll. In these editorial remarksunder the title, "Orchids, Cacti, and Candor" - he explained to inquiring subscribers why he selected the essentially traditional format for his quarterly, rather than the newer, larger slick-stock format used by several historical journals. He listed two reasons. "No periodical coming out of this state, we thought, could be of the same size as ARIZONA HIGHWAYS and still escape comparison with that superb and famous magazine, perhaps the most remarkable publication of its kind in the United States," he said. "Then, too, we wanted something that would look and handle like a book and could be bound annually as such."

Carroll also said he felt "a learned journal, however traditional, need not be deadly to the eye" and so he planned for the covers of ARIZONA and the WEST a "spectrum of colors, each of them characteristic of the West." And he dressed up the pages with photographs of historical interest and pen and ink drawings on Western themes. The colorful covers of the first four issues that comprise Volume one are turquoise, rust, purple, and magenta, and feature art work by Natalie Norris of Santa Fe. C. M. Palmer of Tombstone, and Baron Stanhope of Texarkana, Ark.-Tex. Inside art was executed by Natalie Norris, Ann Merriman Peck of Tucson, and Paul Deno of Carmen, Arizona. Actually the publication reflects Carroll's flair for combining a touch of the unusual with the traditional.

Each issue, of approximately 100 pages, is dedicated to an individual whose work and interest in the West has been significant. The first four men to be honored were Frederick Jackson Turner (1861-1932), the Harvard professor who developed the famous "Frontier Hypothesis";

The first four issues of ARIZONA and the WEST were dedicated to four great Western scholars and historians. From left to right, Herbert E. Bolton, Frederick Webb Hodge, Charles F. Lummis, and Frederick Jackson Turner. Succeeding issues of the U. of A. historical journal will honor other Western historians.

Herbert E. Bolton (1870-1953), University of California professor and director of the Bancroft Library at Berkeley for many years and the man who created the historiographical concept of the Southwest "borderlands"; Frederick Webb Hodge (1864-1956), a patriarch of American Indian studies and director of the Southwest Museum in Los Angeles for more than 20 years; and Charles F. Lummis (1859-1928), the colorful California writer, newspaperman, editor, librarian, and cultural pioneer who founded the Southwest Museum. Future issues of ARIZONA and the WEST will be dedicated to other historians, anthropologists, and literary figures of Arizona and other Western states. Some of the Arizona personalities Carroll plans to honor are: Dean Frank Č. Lockwood, noted author; Professor Rufus K. Wyllys, for many years a professor at Arizona State College; and Colonel James P. McClintock, author of a multi-volume history of Arizona.

In addition to the major scholarly writings, each issue contains reviews of recent books which reflect the rapidly growing literature of Western history. Carroll, realizing no journal could possibly carry reviews of all current Western publications, added a new feature in the second issue of ARIZONA and the WEST. Titled "A Roundup of Western Reading," it is a column of brief comments on various writings on the West. Three of America's most ardent Western bookmen, B. W. Allred, Jefferson C. Dykes, and Fred G. Renner, regularly contribute this column, remarking upon some of the Western history, folklore, and fiction-both new and reprinted. They write under the name, "The Old Bookaroos," and mail the columns from Washington, D.C., where they are employed by the Federal government.

The third issue of ARIZONA and the WEST brought the beginning of another new feature - a program for readers of Western history or to be more technical, "Bibliographical Assessments in Western American History." The new feature was designed by Carroll to bring to subscribers annotated bibliographies on basic topics in Western history. It is Carroll's hope that this feature will prove to be invaluable to scholars, librarians, and laymen interested in the West. The first in the series of descriptive bibliographies dealt with the general major works on the West and bore the byline of Editor Carroll. The second in the series, to be published in 1961, was prepared by Carroll's 1959-60 graduate research and editorial assistant, Thomas Torrans. The descriptive bibliography by Torrans, who holds a master's degree in anthropology from the University of Texas and came to the University of Arizona to work on his Ph.D. in history, covers approximately 45 general works on the American Indian in the West. Other bibliographical topics to be published in future issues include: Histories of the Western states, ethnographies of Western Indian tribes, histories of MorThe fourth issue of ARIZONA and the WEST offered readers still another new feature - "The Cacti Garden" - introduced by Editor Carroll to "accommodate readers who may wish to plant compliments, criticisms, or the uncertain seeds of controversy." All varieties of notes, queries, and comments are solicited for this feature which Carroll hopes will be highly popular with subscribers.

By the time the fourth issue had come off the press, marking the completion of Volume one, California's distinguished librarian Dr. Lawrence Clark Powell had authored an article for the publication of the Automobile Club of Southern California Westways, June, 1960 in which he praised ARIZONA and the WEST and its editor. In the article, "Western Books and Writers," Powell wrote: "East of the Colorado good things are happening which will interest readers That new quarterly, ARIZONA and the WEST, sponsored by the University of Arizona and edited by John Alexander Carroll, has completed its first year of publication. Disciple of Frederick Jackson Turner, and himself as colorful as the covers of his magazine, Dr. Carroll has rounded up a remarkable assortment of lively historical writing in these four numbers, achieving that rarest of all academic goals - scholarship without dullness."

Since every article printed in ARIZONA and the WEST is selected by Editor Carroll with great care, and for a particular reason, it is difficult to single out a few for review. While all are worthwhile and of value to historians in one way or another the subject matter of some of them proved to be so popular with laymen as well as scholars that it was necessary to reprint the first two issues in order to fill requests for these numbers, and to provide late subscribers with back issues so their sets of Volume one would be complete.

One of the most popular articles in the first issue was Ray Brandes' "Guide to the History of the U.S. Army Installations in Arizona, 1849-1886." Brandes, curator of collections at the Arizona Pioneers' Historical Society, gave a brief documented history of each fort or camp, and included a map showing the location of the major installations. A similar type article on Southwest missions is being prepared for publication in one of the Volume two issues by George B. Eckhart, a Tucson resident who has devoted years of research, study and travel to the missions of Mexico's Sonora, Arizona, and both Upper and Lower California, and has an extensive collection of mission photography and detail drawings.

Two other popular articles in the first issue were "The American West: Frontier and Region," by John W. Caughey, editor of the Pacific Historical Review; and "Concepts of the 'Frontier' and the 'West' by Walter Rundell, Jr., of Texas Woman's University, DenTon. In his article, Caughey advanced the idea that the "American West" is a "select part of the United States, a directional part with a character of its own, which in turn has been important to the nation as a whole." He briefly traces the development of the "frontier" to the present and concludes with the suggestion that "the West is still with us, alternatively as a problem or a force." Rundell's article offers an analysis of the American "Frontier" along ten points of changing historical concepts from the time of Frederick Jackson Turner to the present. He examines each significant concept and indicates that while the physical "frontier" actually ended with the closing of free lands, people still seek new "frontiers" and "we should study the old 'frontiers' so that we may comprehend the new."

Other articles in the first issue included Eleanor B. Sloan's "Seventy-five Years of the Arizona Pioneers' Historical Society, 1884-1959"; and a brief biographical sketch of an early Catholic friar and his last will and testament "Fray Pedro Antonio de Arriquibar, Chaplain of the Royal Fort at Tucson." The article was written by the late Reverend Victor B. Stoner and edited by Henry F. Dobyns, research associate at the Arizona State Museum.

The second issue of ARIZONA and the WEST brought readers articles by Edward H. Spicer, editor of the American Anthropologist and professor of anthropology at the University of Arizona; and Burl Noggle, professor professor of American history at New Mexico State University. The Spicer article. "European Expansion and the Enclavement of Southwestern Indians," was taken from the introductory chapters of his forthcoming book to be titled, Western Civilization and the Indians of the Southwest: A Cultural History Since 1533. The Noggle article, "Anglo Observers of the Southwest Borderlands. 1825-1890: The Rise of a Concept," discusses the rise of the Southwestern-American borderlands and examines some of the early accounts written by Americans who began coming into the area during the early 1800's. He cites changes that occurred as the Spanish-dominated lands were penetrated and taken over by Americans.

Three other articles in the second issue were: "The Tragedy at Camp Grant in 1871," by James R. Hastings, research associate at the University of Arizona; "The 'Baron of Arizona' Self-Revealed: A Letter to His Law-