ARIZONA'S PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.

ARIZONA'S

The struggle for Territorial status for Arizona was a trying period of continuing disappointment. That part of Arizona north of the Gila River became United States territory by the terms of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. The southern portion of the present state was acquired through the Gadsden Purchase of 1853, or its approval in 1854. All, as it was acquired, was administered under the Territory of New Mexico which, because of the scant population in the region, simply extended the western boundaries of counties to include all territory west to the California line. Until 1854 this made little difference since there were no immigrant settlements north of the Gila. But when the territory of the Gadsden Purchase was tied onto Dona Ana County, where the residents of the Mesilla Valley were already feeling neglected by officials at Santa Fe, and since there were mining developments in the area and communities of Americans, there was now a new cry for territorial status for an area separate from New Mexico.

A convention was held in Tucson as early as August 29, 1856, memorializing Congress to organize a territory of Arizona. Nathan P. Cook was elected as a delegate to Congress in September and although he was never admitted the cause was presented to Congress in Janu ary, 1857.

In his message to Congress in 1857-58 President Buchanan recommended the establishment of a territory, and at an election in Tucson in September, 1857, a new petition was submitted with Sylvester Mowry elected as a delegate to Congress. He was never admitted and the territory was not established. Various other meetings were held in the area but all to no avail.

However the people of the area were to make other attempts and the constitutional convention held in Tucson in 1860 to establish a Provisional Government for Arizona, though due to die aborning, seems worthy of more attention than it has generally received.

It appears that three "firsts" in Arizona history emerged from this abortive attempt. Bancroft states thar from the effort came the first book to be published in Arizona. The book, "ARIZONA, The Constitution of the Provisional Government of the Territory of Arizona, and the Proceedings of the Convention Held at Tucson," was published in Tucson by J. Howard Wells in 1860. It was described as "12mo,23p."

The Provisional Government had procured some of the accoutrements of government for in the archives of the Arizona Pioneer's Historical Society in Tucson there is a well preserved lithographed certificate of appointment which no doubt is one of the first docu-

THE CONSTITUTION AND SCHEDULE OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE TERRITORY OF ARIZONA, AND THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONVENTION HIID AT 1 CION,

J. HOWARD WELES, PUBLISHICH

1860

We also beg leave to report, as permanent officers of this Conve tion James A. Lucas, Esq., of Mesilla, as President; and Granville H. Oury, Esq., as Secretary.

S. W. Cozzens lboving retired, James A. Lucas was conducted to the chair, and addressed the Contrention as follows: Gradlenion of the Cunomtion Por the honor you have received, in electing me to preside over the deliberations of your honorable body, I feel deeply. Ansible and grateful it with no ordinary emotion I return to you my heartfelt theoas. There are others among you who, by age and experience ia parliamentary matters, are far more able and worthy to fill the honorable position bestowed on me. My offerta, gentlemen, will be used to preside or your deliberations with inpartialty and fairness, and so that and I ask your carmart co-operation and assistance.

We have sembled, gentlemen, on this occasion, to organize a Provisional Government for Arizona. The neglect of the General Government to heed our ayers on petit refusal of Territorial organisation, notithstanding suplication trendyear after year the slight hopes of from me present Congress of the anted States in our in our own defense, If Congress will lo nesling for as, it becomes ux, as fremen and Amex vitaens, to net fue and deίνωση του αρπάσειon, without law or protection and such a Our very slow for proteus. The varied interests of our Territory property existing at the in car inidet, while our apantry is torres paj narrotiren heir hard-earseds svalla, murdering or carrying into capity those who are weak and amprerofecid, m tuated. This state of starte ay, pru-lenco and We should secure some protection for the future. 11 mens from when de bars received regar flass of our interests and of every right and privilege fled to, and it behooves as now-diaMexico, aeglected by the Congress of the United for ourselves a government under which our less will be the future growth and prosperity of th war furts will be crowned with prosperity and that resonant hemmory may prevall over the deliberations of this and heartfelt thanks for the sand dance shows lecting we your presiding officer.

Capt. John Donaldson presented credentials Pairinos she won tectard, and on motion he deingate frous nocepted as a On motion of JRP Soal of Gila City, the respective delegatoa wore required to take the oath in wupport Constitution of the United States which was an atoped On motion that the present this Convention should be gov. Whed by the rules and reculatiorcax Inid down in Jefferson's Manual, for governing to House of Reprosculatives, same was adopted.

The oath was then administered by Howard Welle, FUG, Justice of the Pose to the presiding oicer st modera

PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT THE TERRITORY OF ARIZONA.

of a Territory, wherein law and justice might prevail, would gain the blessing of a Divine Order of events and bring such action as to light a way for posterity. The effort for Provisional Government for. Arizona was again tried in 1861 when a convention seems to have declared Southern Arizona as a part of the Confederacy and elected Granville H. Oury as the delegate to the Confederate Congress. The effect of this action might have been a contributing factor in the action that was to follow in 1862. In April, 1862, the Arizona bill for the establishment of a territory was introduced in Congress and passed the House in May. In the Senate it was debated in June but postponed to December. Finally in February, 1863, it was passed by the Senate becoming a law with President Lincoln's sigusture on February 24. By December, 1863, Governor John N. Goodwin, first governor of the Territory, and his party had reached Arizona, the Proclamation was made establishing the Territory and an election for representatives for a legislature was called for July 18, 1864. From this time on Arizona had a recognized government and was on the way to ultimate statehood which was almost fifty years still in the future-February 14, 1912.

OCTOBER, 1961:

Time and time again, I have promised myself to write to you and tell you what a superb issue was October, 1961, ARIZONA HIGHWAYS. All of the issues of this magazine are really superb, but the October issue I just loved. I have gone through it again and again, and cannot part with it. Right off as I opened it, I was attracted by the excellent photograph of the spur, and the narrative poem that was printed below it. Then, Mr. Pickrell's face in the article that followed was so robust and friendlywho could but respond to it with warmth? The article that went with it was most interesting, too. But oh! "The Touch of Midas" What magnificent pictures! Who could tire of gazing upon them? A list of superlatives would hardly do them justice. But more is to come . what a dramatic, imaginative combination of pictures and poetry in "Thunderstorm." While this magazine is without doubt excellent public relations for the state of Arizona-it is ART and a contribution to modern photographic art. May you continue to be able to produce it with the beauty and spirit of dedication which it now possesses!

Sister M. Noemi, O. S. B. Duluth, Minnesota We are glad Sister M. Noemi liked our last fall issue. The golden season in Arizona is truly beautiful.

LITHOGRAPHY AWARD:

May we add the congratulations of The Graphic Arts Buyer of Chicagoland to the many you have already received for the honors you have won in the recent competition sponsored by the Lithographers and Printers National Association? As a publication devoted to raising the local production standards of lithography -as well as other phases of the graphic arts in this area-we were quite proud to see the large number of awards presented to companies whose entries were produced in Chicagoland. Our upcoming-Mid-Year '62 issue of THE GRAPHIC ARTS BUYER OF CHICAGOLAND will feature each award, its lithographer, and others who helped produce it, yours included. We shall send you an extra copy of this issue with our compliments on publication. Just as your lithographer is proud to share

YOURS SINCERELY

these honors with you, so are we proud to publicize this honor among our 6,441 fellow Chicagoland buyers of lithography. Richard G. Milford, Publisher The Graphic Arts Buyer of Chicagoland

RECEPTION IN JAPAN:

As a Christmas gift last year I sent a subscription to ARIZONA HIGHWAYS to Miss Tamako Futonaka, a schoolgirl in Tokyo, Japan. I think you will be interested in the impact of this magazine upon her class in school as well as her teacher. She writes: "Every month I'm receiving the beautiful ARIZONA HIGHWAYS and I'm keeping every copy. Once when I took them to school, every one rushed to see a copy. In fact, we were all so wrapped up in the magazines that we did not hear the class bell. Only when the teacher stepped into the classroom did we realize that the bell had rung. We had a little lecture from the teacher but fortunately it was our English period and the teacher got interested in the magazine and asked to see one too."

Burton W. Cohoon Pomona, California We are pleased with our reception in Japan. We recently learned our magazine is on the newsstand at the Tokyo Airport.

BRIDGE CANYON DAM:

I want to go on record that I'm opposed to Bridge Canyon Dam. (You showed a picture of Bridge Canyon in your Mojave County issue.) If we don't put a stop to all this damn dam building in your state, all the scenery will be ruined.

E. B. Weeks Springfield, Illinois

INFINITY The desert stars like a million eyes Twinkle down from a deep purple face; A million stars but just one sky; A trail to forever through limitless space. -FRANKIE ADAMS

GHOST TOWN JEROME

The terraced town sits firmly still On sloping sides of 'Patra Hill And stilt-legged houses, warped and worn, Stand rough and silent and forlorn. The walls with trace of former hue Are empty of the life they knew, And eaves hang low like lidded eye On windows mirroring the sky. Framed shutters creak as shutters will Or bang on weathered window sill. Old doors and gates may sag a pace And stairways walk off into space, But broken concrete walls stand free: The rugged ghosts of memory. -CATHERINE M. MANLEY

DESERT ROSE

The clouds came up to spoil-I thoughtMy pleasant desert stroll, And made me scold when sluicing rain Soaked me from head to toes. But, as I walked in puddles deep, The gracious sun came out, And there, upon a little knoll, I found a desert rose. Chalcedony-washed cleanAnd white as fresh, new snowIts pearly heart, with droplets filled, Returned the sunray's glow.

What matter if the skies do pour In seeming sudden gloom. That is old Nature's hardy way To make stone roses bloom. -HELEN HUMPHREYS SEARGEANT

DESERT CLOUDS

Lean forward over your steering wheel, Cup your chin on your hand, Chain the motor's restless zealA whisper skims on this land. The crimson cliff ahead of you Is dappled with shadow-clouds; Every shining peak in view Is mottled with little shrouds. You could not catch one ghostly patch On scarlet hill or dune; Nor ignore these crowds of tiny shrouds This brilliant afternoon.

Lean forward here where shadows wisp; Join the fleeing shrouds And fly with them till you hear them lisp "We really live-in the clouds." -CHERRY MCKAY

HIGH DESERT

Stones by day and stars by night And always wind to pry Into the long-kept secrets Of desert hill and sky.

Geology by daylight And, when the sun has gone, Leaving desert dark behind, Astronomy till dawn. -ELIZABETH-ELLEN LONG

SONG OF ARAVAIPA

Aravaipa borrows orchid From the cliffs along its bed, Flecks its silver waves with amber From the aspens overhead. Aravaipa, singing waters, Gathers beauty as it goes, Hymns of peace in canyoned quiet, From the hymnal Nature knows. -LAURA JANET LARSON "LAKE HAVASU BOAT LANDING" BY HUBERT A. LOWMAN. Scene shows the landing on the Bill Williams arm of Lake Havasu in Arizona just above Parker Dam. The photographer says: "Average desert condition on a clear day, just a case of something being too pretty to pass up, even though there were no puffy clouds or other of the sensational conditions we are always hoping for." Brand-17, 4x5 view camera; Ektachrome E-1; f.20 at 1/10th sec.; 5" Ektar lens; May; bright mid-afternoon sunlight; Weston 333 meter reading; ASA rating 12.

"WHITE SAILS IN THE SUNSET" BY DOROTHY MCLAUGHLIN. Photograph shows Saguaro Lake looking toward the boat landing and restaurant. Photographer was in another boat. The idea here was to underexpose to compensate for the sun shining directly into the lens. There was no time for a meter reading. Hasselblad 1600 camera; Ektachrome E-2 daylight 120; f.22 at 1/100th sec.; 135mm. lens; April; into full late afternoon sun; ASA rating 32.