A classic in Copper Country Panoramas - Inspiration Consolidated operational facilities at Miami, Arizona.

ARIZONA HIGHWAYS

ARIZONA HIGHWAYS Copper Country U.S.A.

JAMES E. STEVENS, Director of Publications JOSEPH STACEY, Editor WESLEY HOLDEN, Associate Editor MARVIN BECK, Circulation Manager RAYMOND CARLSON, Editor Emeritus

RAUL H. CASTRO, Governor of Arizona

ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION WILLIAM A. ORDWAY, Director William N. Price, State Engineer

BOARD MEMBERS

Walter W. Surrett, Chairman Walter A. Nelson, Vice Chairman John Houston, Member Len W. Mattice, Member Robert M. Bracker, Member Bill Erdmann, Member Mrs. Ruth Reinhold, Member Payson Sedona Yuma Pima Nogales Casa Grande Phoenix ARIZONA HIGHWAYS is published monthly by the Arizona Department of Transportation. Address: ARIZONA HIGHWAYS, 2039 W. Lewis Ave., Phoenix, Arizona 85009. $7.00 per year in U.S. and possessions: $8.00 elsewhere; 75 cents each. Second Class Postage paid at Phoenix, Arizona, under Act of March 3, 1879. Copyrighted 1975, by the Arizona Department of Transportation.

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THIS ISSUE:

"Arizona Copper Country U.S.A." COLOR CLASSICS 35mm COLOR SLIDES

THIS ISSUE 35mm slides in 2" mounts, 1 to 15 slides, 40¢ each, 16 to 49 slides, 35¢ each, 50 or more, 3 for $1.00.

Allow three weeks for delivery. Address: ARIZONA HIGHWAYS, 2039 West Lewis Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona 85009.

FRONT COVER: "Early Morning Kachina,"

artist JEFFREY LUNGE, Arizona Bank Collection.

INSIDE FRONT COVER: Bronze Sculptures by PAT MATHEISEN.

Represented in Arizona by Husberg Galleries, Sedona and Scottsdale.

INSIDE BACK COVER: Magma Copper Company production plant, San Manuel, Arizona, with town-site and residential

area in background. - LANDIS AERIAL SURVEY

BACK COVER: A classic in Copper Country Panoramas - Inspiration Consolidated operational facilities at Miami, Arizona.

- LANDIS AERIAL SURVEY This special edition dedicated to the Arizona Copper Industry has been long overdue. Arizona is Copper Country.

In 1974 over half of the nation's newly mined copper came from Arizona's copper mines more than all the other states combined.

Arizona ranks second in the United States in the production of silver and molybdenum, and fourth in production of gold, all largely by-products of copper mining. And it all comes from the use of less than 102,000 acres, or about one seventh of one percent of Arizona's land surface. What this means to every Arizonan is that much of our whole economy rests upon a very small part of our land. The copper industry accounts directly and indirectly for approximately one out of eight jobs in the state.

Arizona's copper industry purchases more than 70% of all goods and services from business firms within the state. Out of every dollar's worth of copper mined in Arizona, an estimated 63 stays in the state in the form of payrolls, taxes, purchases and permanent facilities.

Thus Arizona is founded on a metal-based economy.

From Business Week, August, 1975: Last spring, when Thomas Mellon Evans, chairman of New York-based Crane Co., was shopping around among copper mining companies, he was asked why he wanted a mineral that was currently in low demand. "Something in the ground," answered the 64-year-old conglomerator, "is the best protection against inflation."

Arizona has what it takes to maintain its position as the nation's major copper producer with more mineral assets underground than have been mined "the best possible protection against inflation."

In a 1972 report, the U.S. Secretary of the Interior flatly predicted that our nation will need to import 34% of its domestic copper requirements by 1984 and 56% by the year 2000.

Unless new mine development narrows the gap between domestic copper supply and demand, the long-range effects of such a metals shortage on the economy and national security of a metals-based culture such as ours could be staggering.

Prior to bringing a mine into production, normally five to ten years are spent in prospecting, exploration and development. So it is imperative that the mineral potential of all Arizona land be appraised as early as possible; not necessarily for mining next year or in the next decade but, perhaps, for mining in the next century. And that will take all the encourage-ment, help and understanding the copper interests deserve and our public attitude and national agencies must provide. Opinions and judgements must be made on the measure of factual evaluation, rather than emotion. Certainly this industry has environmental, economic and social impacts. It has become increasingly controversial as population pressures have grown.

A perfect balancing of all factors is probably impossible, but objective compromise following a thoughtful weighing of facts, can afford realistic workable solutions.

To those ends we respectfully dedicated his special edition.

COVER STORY

It was a wild and unruly land; barren, hot enough to fry eggs on the rocks, and full of outlaws, murderers, gamblers, dance-hall girls, and warring Apaches! But, if a man were tough enough, smart enough, and had a little luck on his side, the Arizona Territory in the late 1800's and early 1900's was a paradise and there were fortunes to be made.

To some, the Territory was an outlaw haven, a refuge for fugitives from the States and the New Mexico Territory, where they could move back and forth across the border with little detection or resistance. Others felt it an opportunity to own their own land with thousands of square miles over which they could graze and fatten their cattle. Still others thought of the Territory in terms of men, mining and money.

The men had to be something special if they were to survive. They had to be tough, stubborn and still have the ability to dream. they had to be eternal optimists. Mining was where the big money was... gigantic fortunes could be made, sometimes overnight. Money was the key to everything. Even if you had a prospect that showed rich ore, you had to have the money to develop the mine, pay the miners, build the mill and ship the ore. Men, mining and money were of primary importance if the Arizona Territory were to fulfill its destiny.

George Warren, a prospector around the area that is now known as Bisbee, Arizona, was a stubborn man. In the late 1870's, after being grubstaked by three Army scouts, Warren staked some claims in a rugged, steep, canyon called Mule Gulch, near some deserted mining claims given up a few years before by a less determined prospector named Hugh Jones.

Warren's enthusiasm for the land brought in other prospectors and within a few years the area was known as the Warren Mining district. News of the Territory's copper deposits soon drifted to New York, and potential eastern investors began sending representatives to Arizona to try to sift fact from fiction.

It was a bonanza area. Mines began to spring up in every direction. Bucky O'Neill Hill was the site of the glory hole of Warren's famous Copper Queen Mine.

In the 1880's, Phelps Dodge was just a small eastern company. When news of the strike reached them, they decided to send a capable young Scotch Canadian, Dr. James Douglas to determine whether investments would be profitable. Douglas was a minister-physician, who, after becoming fascinated with minerals, had developed into a brilliant geologist. On Douglas's word, Phelps Dodge and Company bought property in the Warren District at Bisbee, near the Copper Queen. Eventually a huge ore deposit was discovered on a direct line between the Phelps Dodge Company property and the Copper Queen. In order to save time and money in litigation the two companies decided to merge as the Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Company, and eventually produced over a hundred million dollar profit.

Times were prosperous in Bisbee, Arizona! From amidst the tents and shacks of the mining camp, a city was born. Merchants began arriving and a school was built. Professional engineers and miners flocked to the area with their wives and children. Strong, eager young men from England, Ireland, Spain and the Slavic Countries; miners and would-be miners from all over Europe became citizens of the Arizona Territory.

Many would be just passing through, staying long enough to earn their fares to greener pastures or other mining camps. Some would stay. Dr. James Douglas, and his best friend and protegé, a young Irish orphan named "Billie" Brophy, would stay and eventually become leaders in the economic growth of Arizona. Douglas, the Scotch-Canadian Doctor, would build a copper empire; Brophy, the emigrant orphan, would develop a banking technique which spread like melting butter from the roaring camp at Bisbee as far as Los Angeles in the West, El Paso to the East, and the Grand Canyon on the North.

With Douglas's help and encouragement, Billie Brophy started running the commissary for the miners in a small shack that grew with the times into the Copper Queen Store. Under Billie's guiding hand the store provided everything for the miners and their families from long, woolen underwear to fashionable New York gowns.

Born in the heart of COPPER COUNTRY U.S.A.

It was Billie's idea to order a strong safe, which stood in the corner of the store, in which to keep the money to cash the miners payroll checks, and store their valuables.

W. H. "Billie" Brophy's corner safe was the genesis for the modern Arizona Bank. His experience for founding the banking principles, which have remained today, was limited. Billie based everything he did on honesty, common sense, and one sentence uttered by Dr. Douglas, "Don't make any more than a fair profit, Billie, because this is a company store that is run for the well-being of the employees as well as for the company."

By the late 1890's, Mr. Brophy's banking business had outgrown the small safe in the corner of the Copper Queen Store. It had become his primary business, now, and required its own building. Thus, with W. H. Brophy as President, and James Stuart Douglas, Dr. Douglas's son, as Vice President, the formal Bank of Bisbee was born.

For the real wonderment, we must once again consider the times. Outlaws such as the George Musgrove raiders, the infamous Black Jack gang, Witt Neil and the Mexican murderer Augustino Chacón, roamed the border area of the Territory at their leisure. Gamblers, confidence men and dance-hall girls all headed for Bisbee to gain a share of the money from the mines. Whiskey Gulch, the red-lite section of Bisbee, was notorious all over the West. Violence was the life-style, and "bug juice" as the local whiskey was called, made easy pickings of the miners. "The fool and his money were quickly parted," with a little help from the habitués of Whiskey Gulch.

Money that wasn't left at the Gulch, was often hidden in the miner's shacks, under old floor boards, in straw mattress ticks, or bureau drawers. Many miners became victims of bandits who heard rumors of their hidden wealth. Others converted their earnings into gold bars, and buried or hid them in out of the way places. Some of the hoard was so well buried or hidden it was never found again. The safest, or most logical place for this sudden wealth, was the Bank of Bisbee.