Yours Sincerely

Of the present. This advice should be of especial interest to children. Says the Arizona Weekly Miner, 1872. "It is useful to wash the teeth once a week with white soap making the mouth as full as possible with lather, so as to be close to every particle of every tooth for a few minutes; because the tartar on the teeth is the product of a living thing, which is instantly killed with soap-suds. A few persons have another living thing about the teeth not affected by soap, but which is instantly killed by salt; hence each person is advised to wash the teeth once a week with white soap, and once a week also with salt. After washing the teeth the brush should be placed far back on the tongue and turned side to side so as to clear off the tongue. It is unnatural, absurd and unphilosophical to have the teeth separated with a saw, or frequent picking, or, by threads."

In the early nineties it apparently was the vogue among men to dye their whiskers. Appearing in the Coconino Sun and Tombstone Epitaph during that period were the following: "Buckingham's Dye for the whiskers is the best, handiest, safest, surest, cleanest, most economical and satisfactory dye ever invented. It is the gentlemen's favorite. Word comes from all quarters that the neatest dye for coloring beard a brown or black is Buckingham's Dye for whiskers."

The frequent sign, "Barber Shop," was sort of a vulgar term in the early days when men seldom shaved themselves and every shaving establishment had a set of shelves containing a private, monogrammed mug and brush for regular customers. In the days of the Shaving Saloon when bob-bed hair was almost unheard of; the longer the tresses, the more attractive and envied the fairer sex, the Arizona Citizen of 1870 displayed: "SHAVING SALOON! Congress Street, Tucson; Hair cutting and shampooing done after the most approved styles."

Speaking of saloons, here's one from the 1870 Tucson Arizona Citizen which says, "J. S. Spann, the only good samaritan on the road, between San Diego and Tucson, has lately enlarged and generally refitted and furnished the CAPITOL at Arizona City (Yuma), where no loafers need apply under any circumstances and where any square man or gentleman can always find a good looking and gentlemanly attendant to set out the best ointment and incense-vulgarly called wines, liquors and cigars Gentlemen of social, or philosophical turn of mind, or even those who think everything a matter of chance, with a little science thrown in for luck can here also find ELEGANT APARTMENTS where they can pursue their reflections on the origins of the Colorado or Gila deserts, without going heeled. Let us have peace and plenty of it, is our motto, for a sum that is both reasonable and respectable. Any pilgrim who has a clean nose, or has a heart in the right place, can find balm for his battered crown or bruised sole. Here all is pure and serene."

YUMA, SILVER DISTRICT EHRENBERG STAGE LINE.

Stages leave YUMA for Castle Dome Landing

and Mines, Pacific City

Morton's Landing, and Ehrenberg.

Every Monday, Wednesday & Friday At 8 O'olook, a. m.

Returning on

Tuesday's Thursday's & Saturday's,

In time to Connect with all trains, First-Class Two and Four Horse Coaches Quick Time. Careful Drivers.

H. H. DOUGLASH, For 33 f Proprietor.

For the travel-wise!

"NO HEADACHES if you drink at Kearney's" says a Prescott Courier ad of 1901. A novel setting for a saloon is described in the Arizona Sentinel of Yuma, 1898. "RUBY SALOON. Finest brands of liquors and cigars kept in stock. Private card rooms. The only saloon in town where you can sit beneath the branches of the orange and lemon tree and drink a refreshing glass of ice cold lemonade, beer, wine of any kind or smoke a fragrant cigar."

The same newspaper in 1897 carried this ad. "Schooners of beer, porter, half and half at the PABST. Always fresh and the very best. Liquid carbonic acid, fresh from brewery is what gives life to Gus William's Beer. No foul air, nor any other air, is admitted, thereby insuring absolute purity. Port Sangaree, Whiskey Punch, New Or-leans Punch, Frozen Milk Punch, and all other summer drinks prepared by skillful MIXOLOGISTS at Gus William's Ex-change."

The epicurian art came in for a goodly share of space. Found in the Tombstone Epitaph in 1887 is the following example; "FRESH OYSTERS, canned and shell, are received daily at the MAISON DOREE and will be served in the latest styles." Another Epitaph ad, 1890, says, "Since the opening of the Fashion Chop House there has been no complaint and the establishment has secured a patronage that is extremely gratifying to the proprietors. 'Jakey,' as he is familiarly known, makes everybody at home and tempts good nature by perfectly satisfying the appetite of everyone who desires something good to eat. Mr. Hasler is not behind in cordiality to patrons, and serves everything in the market from a toothpick to any delicacy the appetite may desire . . ."

In 1870, a Tucson paper carried the following: "A. F. Garrison, of Hermosillo, Sonora, informs the TRADE AND TRAVEL between Tucson, Guaymas and Hermosillo that he has the best and cheapest 'entertainment for man and beast' to be found on the route, consisting partly of Square Meals, Clean Beds, Hot and Cold Baths, Choice Wines, Etc., and two new Billiard Tables for the human family besides good horses to let and the best of forage for all that come. Remember! All this and more too, is to take place and be in full force and effect on and after Jan. 1, 1871. Grand Opening on New Years! Board and lodging $1.25 per day. Meals at all hours."

Concerning a Republican County Convention, the Epitaph, 1886, carried "Candidates should be sure to fortify their stomachs for the coming fray by partaking of a first class Sunday dinner at the CAN CAN." The Can Can was one of the most notable restaurants in early day Tombstone.

Noting the high prices of food stuffs of certain types an 1870 Arizona Citizen (Tucson) carried an ad: "Daily at Alling's Dining Hall, 10 doz. fresh Eggs for which I pay $11. "An Epitaph appeal to water consumers in 1893 says: "I am prepared to deliver water to the people of Tombstone, or at the cemetery, at the rate of 25 cents per barrel." Also, "We are receiving regular shipments of that elegant Tempe butter." Tempe is 200 miles from Tombstone and the price of that elegant butter must have been high.

Ladies' styles, both exclusive and general, were announced in the Tombstone Prospector of '87 and '91: "Mrs. Gallen's new spring millinery is unusually stylish and pretty. She imports her goods all trimmed from a large house in the East and no two being alike you will have the satisfaction of knowing if you buy of her, that you are wearing the very latest style and no person can get a hat or bonnet like yours."

"Ladies' Hair switches almost given away at the New York Store." "Scarlet flannel ladies' vests and woolen hosiery at the Bonanza Cash Store. Come early as they are going very fast.

"People who order shoes by mail from the East make a great mistake, as they can be better suited at Leary's for less money. Give him a trial and see if this statement is not correct. John M. Leary is making a special drive in ladies' shoes at $1 per pair." Remember before the days of electric lamps the smoky oil lamp era? "The annoyance of breaking lamp chimneys need not be borne. Get tough glass chimneys. Macbeth's 'Pearl Top' and 'Pearl Glass' are tough against heat; they do not break, except from accident. They are also clear, transparent, not misty or milky; they fit and stand upright; shape and proportions are right to direct the draft upon the flame. They cost a little more than rough and wrong chimneys of common glass that break continually."

Early transportation in Arizona was bad enough at best, but at that time great pride was taken in the mode of travel and the services rendered. A Tombstone Prospector display ad of 1891 titled, HO, FOR BISBEE, reads, "L. A. Engle is now running a fast two-horse rig between Tombstone and Bisbee, leaving Tombstone at 7:30 P. M. Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays and Bisbee on alternate days, at same hour. Fare to Bisbee via Engle's Stage Line reduced to $2.50." In an 1870 Arizona Citizen (Tucson): "TUCSON, ARIZONA CITY (Yuma), and SAN DIEGO. U. S. Semi-Weekly Mail Line. Four-horse coaches leave Tucson every Thursday at 4 P. M. and two-horse vehicles every Monday at the same hour. Time to San Diego, 5 days. Fare from Tucson to Arizona City $45. Fare to San Diego (in gold coin or its equivalent) $90."

When the Colorado River was navigable, boats plied up and down that well-known stream, and before it was bridged, ferry boats were used in crossing. The Arizona Sentinel, published at Yuma, 1874, carried the following: "FERRY across the Colorado River six miles below Fort Yuma, at the regular crossing of the U. S. Mail Lines. The roads are good and two miles and a half the shortest to HAY-GRAIN-and PASTURE. First class boats run day or night for the accommodation of the traveling public."

In the same edition the following was advertised: "The above described property FOR SALE with everything pertaining to the FERRY complete."

"Passage at reduced rates," reads a Sentinel ad of 1873. "YUMA to SAN FRANCISCO per CSN Co's. Steamers. Cabin $40 coin. Steerage $25 coin."

"Steamer Passages. Passage tickets are sold at the Company's office. NOT on board the boats. Passengers found on the Company's boats; after leaving Yuma will be charged HIGHER RATES than those booked at the office."

"The Colorado Steam Navigation Company's Steamship NEWBERN leaves San Francisco for mouth of Colorado River on first of every month, connecting with river boats. Freight landed at Yuma in twelve (12) days from San Francisco."

Social functions received their share of newspaper space in the gay nineties. The Arizona Champion, now the Coconino Sun, in 1896 stated, "Women and children do not need male escorts to attend the great Wallace Shows. Polite attendants are employed to protect and direct them, see that they secure good seats and that they are not molested by boisterous characters. There are never any but well behaved crowds at the Wallace Shows."

"There will be a candy pull at Hoxworth's Hall on Wednesday night. Everybody is invited. The proceeds will go toward paying for the lots for the widow Bassett," says a Champion ad of 1892. And an earlier issue (1888) carried this unusual appeal: "WANTED-By a young man of superior birth and education, but pecuniarily embarrassed, position as son-in-law in wealthy family, cattle preferred. Address with stamp. H. S. Champion."

The Prescott Courier, 1901, states: "Friedman's Dancing School, K. P. Hall, every Tuesday and Friday evening from 8 to 10 P. M. All the latest dances taught. Special attention to the two-step and waltz."

Lost, strayed or stolen, here is a peculiar ad from the Prescott Courier, 1901: "Stolen -Overcoat, with diagonal stripes; sleeves lined with blue silk. Also a suit of clothes, sage color. Should anyone buy same he will be paid for outlay by returning same to Home Bakery, Prescott."

What a shortcut for prospectors if Mme. Dee were here today. A 1901 Courier display acclaimed: "KNOW YOUR FATE!

Why not begin the New Year right by consulting Mme. Dee, Astrologist, who can tell you just what to do. LOCATING MINES A SPECIALTY. Two doors north of Wollenberg's Store. Reading $1. Horoscope of whole life, $2 to $5."

It was a great day in Prescott when the following "improvements" arrived in town. A 1901 Courier notice goes into detail concerning the latest contrivance: "Undertaker Borders has evidently become impressed with the massive and up-to-date appearance of new Prescott, and has made up his mind to keep abreast of the advanced local conditions in his own particular line of business. As an evidence of this, he is in receipt of two of the handsomest vehicles of any kind that were ever brought to Prescott. Both are new and probably more up-to-date as to finishings and fixtures than anything of the kind in Arizona. One is a two-story casket wagon, from the National Wagon Company of Chillicothe, Ohio. The other is a hearse from James Cunningham & Sons Co., Rochester, N. Y. The casket wagon is a very prettily appointed vehicle, combining strength, convenience and symmetrical finish, and does not give the idea of a dead wagon at all-in fact, it has an inviting appearance. The hearse is a very imposing looking vehicle, with draperies of a massively handsome pattern, both inside and out; the wheels have rubber tires; the windows are of heavy, beveled plate glass; there are large glass lamps in front, while the entire equipment of the hearse is strikingly handsome. Both the vehicles would certainly reflect credit upon any city."

NOTE-The material used in this article was made available through the cooperation of Mulford Winsor, Librarian and Director of the Arizona State Library and Archives in which vaults are preserved in safety for all time, hundreds of bound volumes of priceless Arizona newspapers.

They grew in Arizona.

The Garden of TUMU-URRU

To ROMEO, Heaven is where Juliet is. To the Indian tribes that once roamed the Arizona Strip mesas, Heaven was a place visible, real, ready for occupancy, like a house they were going to move into when their rent was up where they were. These Indians had only to raise their eyes to the northern horizon, where glimmered the Vermilion Cliffs, to see the place where the spirits of the brave and the beautiful go when liberated from the flesh.

The Uinkarets, Shivwits, Piutes, Kai-vavas and other tribes that gleaned a poor living on the grasslands of the Uinkaret Plateaus called the toplands of the Vermilion Cliffs Tumu-urru-guatisigaip Tu-weap, or Land of the Rockrovers, Rock-sprites. For spirits released from the impedimenta of mortal flesh and bones and awkwardness I can think of no prettier paradise. There are no harps, no hymns, no robes; no crowns nor golden streets; but there are things that would have more appeal to the naked, half-starved redskins who lived on grass seed and grasshoppers and crouched in the shade of the juniper trees far below. Up here on the Tumu-urru etc., are groves of tall pine, lakes of crystal blue water, meadows and dewy grass and wildflowers, playgrounds of mountain, cliff and stone in form and color to bewilder any one but a designer of women's hats.

As an Italian, exiled to the deserts of Libya, might dream of the terraces of the Villa D'Este, so the Strip tribes must have dreamed of the terrace of the Tumu-urru. Either of these gardens filled with tall trees, sparkling waters, sculptured walls and statuary springing out at the ends of hedges and avenues of green, or edging wide swards of lawn or meadow, had enough in them of the unreal, the beautiful, the mysterious, the exalted, to stimulate the minds of mortals forced to live on the grey, placid, sunbeaten stretches of the desert. The difference is that while the Italian gardens are the work of human hands, strong, sensitive, imaginative, the gardens of Tumu-urru are strictly the work of nature gone berserk. Here the centuries have been at work with swift, scouring, sand-laden torrents after thunder-storms; with winds and driving snows and the delicate artistry of chromosomes and cells, until such a crazy carnival of stone and tree and grass and water has been created as would make words sound like the monotonous drip of a tap in a dish pan.

The Tumu-urru is not a product of any body's imagination. It is there real as it seems unreal, as unbelieveable as it is actual. Its peopling by the spirits of those Indians who lived below in a colorless land of grass and locusts was an inevitable thing. They would have been even more blind and stupid than the white men give them credit for being if they had gone on to some other Heaven when this petrified circus was at their very door.

Believe only what you see. That will be enough. But you can forgive the young Uinkaret buck, who, with his belly full of grass-seed meal and grasshopper cakes, ventures up the long trail, through the canyon at Cotton-Falling-Down (Short Creek), to the tops of the cliffs to find meat. He will find only the stuff of myths. On his way he will smell the smell of wet sand and hear the whisper of his breath and the brushing of his feet in the sand, for these things are thrown against the silence. There will be the steady rhythmic beat of his heart on his eardrums as the walls narrow and the mysby step. He will come to the end of a canyon finally, where the waters from the stone gardens above sweep out over a twohundred foot wall when it rains and the torrent gouging into the sand below leaves a dark blue circular pool which has no bottom on the under side. A brave who was younger, more timid, wanted meat less, would turn back here.

Our brave-let's call him Ugai, for there was such a one-finds a trail up the side hill around the arched water fall cliff, and soon is threading his way up a long sandstone draw that brings him slowly to the toplands. He stops to rest where a meadow has thrown its robe of green over a sandy slope, in the shade of tall pines and the rich smell of their yellow bark. Water trickles out of the grass, which is flecked with the gold of dandelions, the purple of violets, and goes smiling down to join a larger trickle in the sandstone draw. Ugai stoops to drink, but there is a smell of decay and he stays his desire, is content just to look at the colors like a rainbow spread over the water's surface.

He climbs up the south slope and comes to the edge of the cliffs of Tumu-urru. He sees now that he has followed the trail up the canyon in a great loop and is almost directly over the place he started from when he first entered the canyon. Two thousand feet below are the foothills of the cliffs and beyond them lies a grey-green ocean of sod stirred here and there by a ripple of ridge, a crest of ledge, but mostly stretching away smooth and deathly calm to the southern horizon where the blue Mt. Trumbull lies like a sleeping spermwhale on the brink of the Grand Canyon at Toroweap. On the southeastern horizon is the long, flat, bluegrey brush stroke he knows as the Kaibab where the Uinkaret bucks go for deer in

"Up here... are groves of tall pine, lakes of crystal blue water, meadows of dewy grass and wildflowers, playgrounds of mountain, cliff and stone in form and color to bewilder anyone but a designer of women's hats . . ."

summer and where the thundering river has cut a terrible canyon which is the abode of the Big, Fierce Gods.

Standing here, high above the world, Ugai feels bigger, prouder than those gods and infinitely more important than the bucks and squaws of his own people who probably at this moment lie in the shade of the little junipers that dot the plain below.

His head is dizzy now with looking down at that grey sea and he turns to study an arch of rock that stretches across the brow of the cliff. It is about fifty of his steps long and it would take one of his best leaps to go from the cliffs itself to the inner edge of the arch at its center. Through the opening between arch and cliff he can see the floor of the canyon below, with tall pines looking like tiny junipers and the pools, where he sometimes comes to bathe, looking like mere drops of water. Often he has lain on his back in one of those pools and looked up at the patch of sky to be seen through this bridge of rock and he would not have believed it could be so great an opening. It makes him feel small to think that from down there he would ap-pear no larger than a sparrow two hundred steps away. This bridge is the Eye-of-Heaven about which the story-tellers have told many myths. (It is a kind of lorgnette through which the Great Spirit looks archly at his people now and then.) It is the place where the Rocksprites dance when they are first freed from their mortal bodies. Here they shake off the clumsiness of mortality and find that they can never more be afraid of falling.

For the mortals below it was sometimes used as a court of justice. When some members of the tribe was suspected of an extremely bad crime, like stealing another member's arrowheads, the braves tied his hands behind him and drove him up the long trail. When they came to the Eye-ofHeaven they wrapped a piece of buckskin over his eyes so he could not see and started him across the narrow span of rock that stretched above two thousand feet of emptiness. If he was innocent the Rocksprites gave him a hand and he got across safely. If he was guilty they would give him a shove, or his trembling fear would make that unnecessary, and he would go hurtling to the rocks far below. It was simple justice, with sentence included in the verdict and no waiting around for punishment.

From the Eye-of-Heaven the moccasined feet of Ugai move silently over the solid sandstone at the edge of the canyon wall and to the sloping mounds of the Idiot's Orchard. This is like an orchard as a skeleton is like a man. The rolling pink and white surface is like cultivated soil seamed with crevices like irrigation ditches; but it is all lifeless stone. At intervals almost regular stand twisted juniper stumps with bare limbs-trees that have died-how many hundred years ago but still stand flinging their knotted branches to the winds that drum up from the wide mesas below. It is said that when a stupid spirit was sent up to the Rockrovers they put him to picking fruit from this Idiot's Orchard. When his imaginary basket was full of imaginary fruit the bright ones would spend their time pelting lovers down on the flats below with it. That, we are to believe, is what makes lovers act the way they do.

ByJonreed LauritzenPhotography By the Author

From the Idiot's Orchard it is only a little way to the Valley of the Stone Squaws. This is a weird realm of shapes and colors that would drive an Epstein or a Salvador Dali into fits of creative mimicry. But Ugai does not know Epstein nor Dali. He knows only that here the spirits of the slow, the awkward, the lazy, mean, or quarrelsome are taken by the good Rockrovers who pounce on them, pummel and roll them, pick them up and whirl them about, then turn them upside down and spin them on their heads and plunk them down to become those fat, contorted statues. Now in the shimmering heat of midday these many forms are funnier than they will be later when the long shadows cloak their bases in gloom and the silence is something that sways and topples and pirouettes with all the madness breathed into stone by the Rockrovers.

Up out of the Valley of the Stone Squaws the feet of Ugai carry him halfway to the top of the Frozen Cloud, a huge mound of white sandstone peopled with more statuary; as of runners who have gone to the top, then stood so long in their weariness that they became petrified. Around a deep crevasse that reaches up from one of the canyons into the folds of the Frozen Cloud Ugai makes his way and then back down into another part of the Valley of the Stone Squaws. Here he comes upon the first animate things he has seen. Two monstrous eagles, standing beside a pool that the floods have carved out of the stone, stareat him with such frigid stolidness that he thinks for a moment they too are statues. Then they rise, flapping their great wings against the silence, leaving him alone to drink his fill of the green water.

Up the steep slopes that lead southward again to the edges of the cliffs he goes through groves of pine, more meadows, thickets of birch and willow and deep hanks of fern. He goes softly, waiting for the deer that might leap out of the shadows at any time. Yet he knows that if he does not come directly toward their hiding place they will lie still and gaze at him out of the shades with big, dark, apprehensive eyes. They do not like to be disturbed in the heat of the day.

Now he comes to the little lake of the sky which some of the tribes called Eagle's Bath, others called the Raindrop-That-Never-Fell. The Rocksprites probably prefer the latter name, as they are jealous of the eagles and would not care to admit that the eagles have any right here. It is a stretch of cobalt blue water trembling against the very brow of another of these canyon walls. All that keeps it from splashing to the rocks two thousand feet below is a narrow wall of sandstone not twenty feet thick along the edge of the cliff. The lake is deep-no one knows how deep.

This, the story tellers tell, is where the Rockrovers initiate newcomers to their realm. When a spirit deserts its body on the plains below, a committee of Rock-rovers go down and escort it to the lake. Here, after some dancing ceremonies, the newcomer is dunked. If it leaps from the water clean, and the water is not soiled, it becomes a full-fledged member. If the water is soiled after the baptism somebody has been a no-good Indian. Then comes the bouncing, pummeling, whirling, spinning which is the treatment for no-good Indians, and a new statue suddenly appears in the Valley of the Stone Squaws. The new statue doesn't look like the no-good Indian and it isn't intended to. The no-good Indian has been himself long enough. On the other hand, if a newcomer is accepted into the society of the Rockrovers he finds a freedom such as you and I have never imagined. For him there is no more law, no more restraint. A Rockrover can do anything he cares to, but of course a good Rockrover, like a good Nazi, will not want to do anything he shouldn't. For him, as for the Nazi aviators, even the laws of grav-ity are repealed. If he wants to sail away to the highest peaks of the Markagunt, he sails. If he wants to soar like an invisible eagle out over the wide counterpane of the Uinkaret, he soars.

The initiate into Rockrovers land finds his limbs set free, his body indifferent to former limitations of space and time. He can race the other sprites to the very top of the mound called Frozen Cloud and never stop to take breath. He can trip along the edges of the highest cliff with no fear of falling. He need not lie in wait to surprise the deer, but can catch the swiftest buck and ride him away through the pines and down into the stone valleys and up to the loftiest rims. And the deer does not tire either for it is the spirit of some buck that has gone down the hungry gullet of the Rockrover when they were mortal braves and thus earned its place on the Tumu-urru forever.

The best sport of the Rocksprites, I think, was when the storm clouds came up from over the plateaus dragging their dark underedges along the jagged cliffs. Here waited the dark spiritbodies of men and maidens, a-glisten with shining drops of rain, to get themselves caught up in the wisps of cloud driven by the wind. Up into the very tops of the towering thunderheads they would swoop, then slide shrieking Stuka-fashion (but bomblessly) down the smooth white billows to splash into some flood torrent below.

Since we have mentioned maidens we might as well go on with it. Even for the Rockrovers there could be no Heaven without them. For the Rocksprite maidens, life was not so different in Tumu-urru from that of men. It was necessary for the woman spirit to shake off its mortal fat with its mortal flesh and become young. If one preferred to be fat and lazy she got herself plunked on a pedestal in the Valley of the Stone Squaws. If she was quarrelsome or disobedient that also qualified her to join the statuary. Like the Valkyries of the Norsemen, like the women of all virile peoples, she spent a good deal of time thinking up better ways to fix the spirit venison and mourning-dove to pleasespiritappetites; she fussed around the tent of her Rockrover trying to make things nicer and more comfortable for his ethereal frame. But if she was lithe and beautiful she could go, when her work was done, and dance among the pines and bathe in the Raindrop-ThatNever-Fell or the Lake of the Aspens.

This Lake of the Aspens is not far from Tepee Ridge. Ugai is thinking of the Rocksprite maidens as he walks toward Tepee Ridge from the Valley of the Stone Squaws and he is not much impressed by the high white sandstone tents striped with pink which stand flaunting their everlasting canvas over the valley of everlasting Carnival. He goes silently through this stone encampment, which is so huge that he is dwarfed to the size of an ant, and he comes in sight of the grove of aspen and pine that surrounds the Lake of the Aspen. He remembers being told that a mortal who walks softly enough might see the Rocksprite maidens bathing in the lake. He must have made some slight noise for when he comes to the lake there is not even a tremor on its surface; there is only the reflection of quivering, rippling, sparkling light-green leaves of aspen, so delicate they may be stirred even by the flutter of spirit maidens of Tumu-urru. Here Ugai waits nevertheless, sitting as still as a lizard on the fallen pine by the side of the water. He may catch a glimpse, enough to tell what may be in store for him if he is very brave in his lifetime. If the Rocksprite maidens are no comelier than the bronzed, plump, Uinkaret girls who run naked on the grasslands below, however, they may not be worth a lifetime of bravery.

As he waits the sun falls shimmering into the aspen leaves and the shadows among the trees have deepened into dusk. He shakes himself back to life and strides swiftly out of the grove, toward the way that will take him home. Brave as he wishes to be, he does not want to go through the huge tepees nor the Valley of the Stone Squaws at dusk. There is enough of the weird and the frightening about them in the fierce light of noon. He finds a deer trail farther north which leads him through a stately group of pines. Here he must stop a little while, for it is sunset and his eyes have caught sight of flaming walls which are in the land of Mukuntuweap (Zion) another canyon abode of mightier gods. In the long amber rays the many colors of these massive towers have merged into a luminous red that is like live coals. Framed between the red-brown stumps and hanging green branches of the pines before him it is a scene which makes him tremble. Slowly the light drains away from the faces and summits of towers, leaving only the reflected light of a sky still surging with color and clouds to throw a last glow over the smoldering facades.

You do not need to wait for immortality and it would probably do you no good, for only bona fide tribesmen can become Rockrovers; but if you want to see Tumu-urruetc, Tuweap you can do as Ugai did and as I have done. The trail starts not far from Short Creek. Short Creek is forty miles west of Fredonia, which sits, still blinking with surprise, on Highway 89. Would you detour forty miles for a glimpse of Paradise?

Giant trucks, built specially for the Morenci mine, average 42 tons a trip over a month's period. Their capacity is 22½ yards. Four and one-half yard electric shovels keep a fleet of 18 big trucks moving steadily. Trucks dump waste material in convenient canyon nearby Other waste material is used for fill-ins for tracks.

Morenci Open Pit Mine

The development of the mine is only one of the activities, however, now taking place in the Morenci district. The Phelps Dodge has for several years been developing a water supply that will prove ample when the mine, mill and smelter are in full opera-tion.

The foundation for the smelter is now being laid and actual construction will begin shortly. The excavation work for the crusher and the mill is underway, and it is estimated that these three integral units of the copper producing operation will be completed by January 1, 1942. Electric power for the mine, crushing, milling, and smelting operations will be furnished by a new power plant.

It should be remembered that when the present operations at Morenci began, everything had to start from scratch. Roads had to be built. New, modern equipment had to be brought in. The ground had to be broken, as it were, from the grass roots down to prepare the way for the extensive developing and mining operations that have taken place since 1937 and will take place in the future.

Morenci of today is a far cry from Morenci of 1878 when the first railroad in Ariz-ona was put in operation. The locomotives used then were 20 inch gauge, weighed six tons, and were brought from Yuma by oxteam. Now 130-ton, 1,000 horse power locomotives start their chapter in Morenci's mining story. And all in 62 years. Sixty two years is a short time but in terms of mining development at Morenci it amounts, it seems, to centuries.

Not of minor importance has been the building of Stargo, the residential section, where homes of four, five, and six rooms have been built for employes. Ground for the first 50 homes was broken in 1937. Over two hundred homes have now been built and more are to be built when the need for them arises. Modern in every detail, even to copper roofs and copper piping, the homes in Stargo are rented to employes of the Phelps Dodge by the company at very nominal rental fees.

Driving champions gathered at the New York World's Fair this summer to compete for honors in the national finals of the Ford Good Drivers League. A Phoenix boy, Jimmy Hymer, front row right, won runner-up honors. To the left, Jimmy is receiving congratulations and a $2,000 scholarship from Edsel Ford, president of the league and pre sident of the Ford Motor Company. Participants competed for honors in safety tests and in safe driving demon strations.

Jimmy Hymer, 18-year old Phoenician, has been driving a car since he was 13 years old. His parents insisted that he observe all the rules of safe driving and because he is a safe driver and can handle a car under all sorts of conditions, Jimmy won runner-up honors in the Ford Good Drivers League at the New York World's Fair this summer in competition with driving champions from every state in the Union. He was awarded a $2,000 scholarship by Edsel Ford, president of the league, and had a grand time in New York as well.

Jimmy entered the Ford Good Drivers League contest in Phoenix early this summer, securing his entry blanks from the Consolidated Motor company. With other competitors all over Arizona, he had to write a safety essay and take a series of tests under the observation of the Arizona Highway Patrol.

The essay and the results of the driving tests were sent to Detroit, where judges named him the winner of the Arizona league trials. Winning of a state champion ship entitled him to the right to participate in the national finals at the Fair in New York. Provisions of the contest allowed him his expenses and the expenses of one sponsor. Jimmy, accompanied by his parents, Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Hymer of Phoenix, drove to New York, where the Phoe-nix youth showed critical judges that he really can handle a car.

Young Man Behind The Wheel Jimmy Hymer of Phoenix Wins Second Honors in Ford Good Drivers League.

Tests were held at the Fair. Each state was represented by a driving champion. Shortly after the champions gathered, each drove a car in a parade of safety drivers through New York City. At the Fair each contestant was subjected to difficult driv ing tests. The Ford Good Drivers League, founded on the principle of safe driving, stressed above all things the ability of the driver to handle a car safely, to demonstrate good driving courtesy and to know safe driving conduct backward and forward.

Accompanied by a skilled observer, Jim my had to drive through the heaviest traf fic in New York City. The observer, with scoresheet in hand, watched every move of the driver, scoring every possible situation that can beset a driver under heavy traf fic conditions. A youth from Phoenix, a comparatively small city compared to the largest metropolis in the world, might have shown a moment of stage fright finding himself in crowded canyons of skyscrapers. But Jimmy kept a cool nerve and a firm hand behind the wheel and finally won run ner-up honors to Gene M. Kennard of Evans ville, Indiana, the boy named national cham pion.

This year Jimmy is starting his first year at Phoenix Junior College. His scholarship of $2,000 will be awarded to him at the rate of $500 a year. To Jimmy Hymer, as to all other drivers of automobiles on the highways of America, safe driving really pays. R. C.

Jimmy Hymer, Phoenix Union High school graduate with the class of '39, is no slouch in handling a car. He had to demonstrate superior driving ability to win Arizona honors and the right to participate in the nationals. Driving in downtown New York was one of his tasks. Another was to demonstrate perfect timing in bringing a swift moving car to a halt. This year Jimmy is a student at Phoenix Junior College.

The Kaibab

(Continued from Page 15) both sides of the Colorado River and a portion of the timbered plateau. These Acts rather checked the livestock industry. Game had become a national interest. Recreation and scenic values had begun to be appreciated by the public. In the creating of the National Park, this area was to be used for public enjoyment and livestock were eliminated from that portion of their original range.

Deer naturally require forage and as the deer herd on the Kaibab National Forest increased, less forage was available and the livestock were gradually diminished for the benefit of the deer.

However, the pioneer days of the Kaibab are gone. Thanks to the aggressive good roads program of Arizona, a hard surfaced road now links this once isolated portion of the state to Flagstaff. Across the north end of the Kaibab, from Houserock through Jacob Lake to Fredonia, passes U. S. 89, and down the very top of the mountain to Bright Angel Point on the National Park, extends State Highway 67.

Arizona's 28 years of statehood can indeed be counted with constructive and lasting accomplishment.

As you spin along her new highway up here in "the strip," you can see many things not common in other parts of the state. One outstanding sample is the attractive whitetailed Kaibab squirrel. This pretty little fellow is found only on the Kaibab Plateau, the greatest number being found in the ponderosa pine belt on the Kaibab National Forest. Some are found on the North Rim in the Grand Canyon National Park. However, since the Plateau tilts generally up to the Rim of the Canyon, the area in the park is generally higher, and for the greater part, out of the natural habitat of this species.

The famous Kaibab deer herd, estimated in 1939 to be 15,000 in number, is found here. Driving at a moderate speed, watching the fringes of aspen, pine or spruce, seldom can you drive from Jacob Lake Inn to Kaibab Lodge without seeing some of these forest denizens.

To the vacationist who wants an outing and a rest combined, that portion of the Kaibab National Forest north of the Colorado is ideal. Here you reach the mountain top over good paved highways without realizing you are on top. Passable side roads, improved and unimproved, take you into areas where scenery abounds. Improved camp grounds are located near Jacob Lake Inn and at VT Park. And, as are all other camp grounds on the National Forest, they are put there for the traveler's enjoyment and use without charge.

To those inclined to observe the wonders of nature closely, many things will be observed. As you enter the National Forest on the west edge of Houserock Valley, you immediately start a gradual climb. The sage brush cover, not too common in other parts of Arizona, gradually gives way to the low growing forest of piñon and juniper (or cedar as it is often called). This forest cover, as elevation is attained, is replaced by the stately ponderosa pine forest. Jacob Lake Inn and the Forest camp ground is located in about the middle of the pine forest. Proceeding south, up the plateau, aspen is seen among the pine. This mixed forest gradually gives way to another change. The pine is gradually replaced with Douglas fir, white fir, blue spruce, Engelmann spruce and alpine fir. Finally this forested aisle made by the highway, opens up into first small mountain parks then larger ones, until finally the wide expanse of VT Park is unfolded before you.

On the west edge of Houserock Valley, you immediately start a gradual climb. The sage brush cover, not too common in other parts of Arizona, gradually gives way to the low growing forest of piñon and juniper (or cedar as it is often called). This forest cover, as elevation is attained, is replaced by the stately ponderosa pine forest. Jacob Lake Inn and the Forest camp ground is located in about the middle of the pine forest. Proceeding south, up the plateau, aspen is seen among the pine. This mixed forest gradually gives way to another change. The pine is gradually replaced with Douglas fir, white fir, blue spruce, Engelmann spruce and alpine fir. Finally this forested aisle made by the highway, opens up into first small mountain parks then larger ones, until finally the wide expanse of VT Park is unfolded before you. The predominance of aspen along the highway has two significant meanings. One is that no route could be better picked for roadside beauty-both when green, or when ablaze with autumn glory and the other is that aspen leaves and shoots are the principal diet of the deer during the summer. Since this highway is open only during the summer, seeing deer along it adds pleasure to the trip.

Could Don Lopez de Cardenas or his other cohorts among the conquistadores behold the golden glory of the aspen in the fall, they might well believe their quest for gold had been ended. For a reserve of wealth is indeed to be found in this island mountain -the Kaibab Plateau. A young forest estimated to contain one and one-half billion board feet, awaits the future demand of the Nation. No doubt this time will be many years ahead of us and will correspond to the needs and developments of the sur-rounding country. The Forest Service hasmade plans for a long time to come because the trees at maturity are 300 to 400 years old, and when the timber is needed care will be taken to preserve the beauty of the trails and roadsides and the landscape generally.

As Tucson's mid-winter rodeo is to the Old Pueblo; Phoenix' Fiesta del Sol is to Salt River Valley; Prescott's Frontier Days rodeo is to the cowboy; so is the annual deer hunt to the Kaibab, an event to look forward to and relive throughout the state and nation. To the sportsman all roads lead to the Kaibab during the big deer hunt in the fall.

Game is a renewable natural resource and as such should be handled as a crop. As any other crop, game to be beneficial should be wisely harvested. The Forest Service in cooperation with Arizona's Game Department has developed a plan of management for the Kaibab deer herd that has as its objective a sustained crop in this hunters' paradise that will perpetuate it.

In summary, this has happened in the land early made famous for its buckskins: one-time cow ranches are now guest ranches; cowboys instead of twisting a long loop through the timber on the trail of the elusive maverick, now guide the summer visitor or the hunter through the forested isles of the Kaibab. The early hunter and trapper who went out to slaughter and kill for commercial reasons, has been replaced with the predatory hunter who hunts the lion, coyote and bobcat to keep the damage to the deer herd from this source well balanced. Hence the economic equilibrium of the dependent population is better, and the returns are more remunerative, under careful productive management, than were the resources of the Kaibab wantonly exploited.

From a Roadbuilders Notebook

AS EVERY work undertaken by man has to have a beginning, the highway has to start its existence as an idea. The idea has to start with a need, and the need must be consistent with practicability. Here is where the engineering profession comes in, and this is simply because the engineer has to prove its practicability from the standpoint of the almighty dollar. The locating party on a highway is a bunch of men, who have to go out to the area over which the projected highway is to be built, and drive stakes in the ground in the exact spot which will be the center of the said road. While it is not a hard job to drive a two inch by one inch stake in the ground, it is rather a different matter to indicate to the stake puncher just where he is to direct his energy. This said stake punching thus becomes the focal point for nine tenths of the cussing it takes and 100 per cent of the gray matter used to get a highway to the point where it will be found practicable. Herein lies the tale of the locating party.

In order to enlarge upon the “functions of the locating party” we take an actual case of where a new highway location has been made. We therefore, invite you to Florence Junction, Arizona, where a year ago we made a location from that spot over the Gonzales Pass to Superior. The locating party of about nine men, including the boss or locating engineer, gets itself located first before tackling the survey. They find cabins, or set themselves up in tents or trailers, and a good place is decided upon for the “office."

As the chief locating engineer has already looked over the route as a whole and has the idea where the road should go, the locating engineer takes a day off to go over the whole route on foot with him and decide approximately where the new modern highway will some day hum with traffic. Meanwhile, the party busies itself adjusting instruments, preparing stakes, sharpening axes, etc.

During the trip on foot over the entire project, the chief locating engineer and locating engineer discuss the maximum degree of curvature, or sharpness of the curves, which will turn the winding trail into a modern highway, the best places to cross the washes, what kind of a box or bridge will fit best, changes of the wash channels and a lot of other details which go to make up the finished road. Although, there has not been a stake put in the ground yet, the two engineers have already formed a pretty good idea as to the exact place within a few feet where the new highway will be built. It is commonly the practice for the two mentioned engineers to cov-er about 10 miles of line on foot a day, in this sort of preliminary, but this means that about 15 miles of ground will be covered, counting the side trips necessary, while looking over possible alternate routes.

Functions of the Locating PartyThe highway from the bottom up By Norman G. Wallace

We now have boiled down the following requirements for the survey of the modern highway which is to be built from Florence Junction to Superior. 1. We are to confine the curvature to four degrees or lighter which is considered easy curvature for the kind of mountain territory we are to pass through. These curves must be spiralled, or eased off by means of starting the curvature several hundred feet from the main body of the curve and gradually bringing the curve from a straight line to the maximum curve.

2. We are to lay the grade line of the profile so that there will be at least 1000 feet of clear vision between the eyes of drivers of approaching cars or trucks. This means that the vertical humps in the new highway will be flattened out so that the “sight distance” will be one thousand feet or more. The road will be so wide that ordinarily, even on curves, the approaching cars will be visible for the same distance as the vertical sight distance allows.

3. In this specific case, there is a big concrete bridge over Queen Creek about five miles from Superior. It is apparent that it would be impossible to hit this bridge with the new survey as the old bridge is pointed almost at right angles to the most feasible route and one end abuts directly into a large hill. In other words, we cannot by any chance curve into the old bridge and save the cost of a new one without making a tremendous series of deep rock cuts which would cost more than a new bridge. The old bridge is also not wide enough for modern traffic and is dangerous for cars passing each other at high speed. Therefore, we must seek out the best place for a new Queen Creek bridge and fit the new highway to it.

4. There is a small ranch house and buildings almost exactly where the new route fits the best and we will therefore have to use a great deal of care in passing through the ranch so that it will not be necessary to move a building or cause other damage. After the two engineers have decided upon the above important controlling elements affecting the survey, the entire party then gets to work. Beginning at Florence Junction a preliminary line is run, as near to the place where it became apparent to the chief locating engineer and field locating engineer, it should run. This line is “run” with the transit instrument and measur-

Along the Highways and Byways

DOWN ASPEN AISLES: During November the aspen aisles of our state are flaming with brilliant gold, as gentle autumn transforms the green of summer's dress into gowns of more modish hue. You find the aspen along the Coronado Trail, between Springerville and Clifton, along that lovely highway leading from Jacob Lake to the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, along a meandering country road that climbs part way to the top of San Francisco Peaks, and along many happy byways that lead into the heavy forest areas of the state.

Every month is a delightful month in this citadel of the old west, but November has a charm and an appeal all of her own. November is autumn's herald, and the month that tells of winter's approach. Winter has no terror for the children of the Sun, fortunate enough to live in Arizona. Winter's rigor is only felt in the higher mountain regions of this enchanted land. The desert comes into all the beauty, all the glory, all the delightful charm of the most pleasant area on earth during winter.

A NOTE FOR TRAVELERS: The Sun Country of the Old West is served by a major highway system, east and west, north and south. These highways, in turn, connect with all the transcontinental highways of America.

Each day from the skyways mighty planes connect our skyways with all the others on earth. The area is served by the American Airlines and the T. W. A. These two great transcontinental systems are each year carrying heavier loads of traffic into Arizona.

The Southern Pacific and the Santa Fe railroads have major terminals in the Land of the Sun. All major railroads have traffic offices in Arizona and route travelers westward from all over the nation. The Pacific Greyhound Lines, the Sante Fe Trailways, and the American Bus Lines serve the area.

Travel agents of every carrier in America are equipped to provide information and routings for prospective travel ers. Travel service representatives throughout the land can provide information as to hotel, ranch and resort accommodations. Other information can be received by writing to the various chambers of commerce in any town and city in Arizona.

THE MOVIES (CONTINUED):

While we have received no official notification of the fact, we understand that the 20th Century Studio has a motion picture crew on location in the Arizona Strip country near Fredonia for the making of the motion picture, “West ern Union.” Details as to principals and other information is lacking. Battleship Rock is to appear in the picture as a super-heavy.

Nearby is Pipe Springs National Monument, a spot of historical interest, as it was there in the old Mormon fort that one of the first Western Union stations was operated in Arizona. The picture should be a thriller. The locale is perfect for exciting adventure.

The long awaited event in Moviedom, the world's premiere of the motion picture “Arizona” is to take place in Tucson early this month (November.) Tucson is all agog over the affair and the folks in the Old Pueblo are planning a pre-miere that will be heard the world around.

One feature of the event should be interesting. In honor of the occasion, Old Tucson, the walled pueblo built by Columbia Pictures for the shooting of the film, is to relive its hectic days of the '50's when it was one of the liveliest towns between St. Joe and San Francisco. Visitors will have a chance to see life in a modern Arizona city practically simultaneous with the spectacle of a territorial town reborn and booming.

LIFE magazine, early in October, had for its “Movie of the Week” Samuel Goldwyn's production, “The Westerner,” starring long, lean, gangly Gary Cooper, an old cowhand if there ever was one. Walter Brennan, as fine an actor as ever performed before the camera, plays the part of Judge Roy Bean, who brought the law to the Pecos. “The Westerner” was made at Goldwyn, Arizona, on the desert near Tucson. LIFE, who should know about such things, rates it superb entertainment. We predict the scenery is attractive. Arizona scenery always is.

CHRISTMAS REMINDER: The realization that November is with us also means that December cannot be far away, and December, of course, means Christmas.

The December issue of ARIZONA HIGHWAYS will be prettied up a bit, done kind of fancy like, for the occasion.

Without sounding too commercial, may we suggest that a subscription to Arizona Highways for one year starting with December issue of 1940 would make a rather inexpensive, and rather thoughtful Christmas gift. Gift subscriptions will be announced with a Christmas card done up nice and pretty and friendly.

NEIGHBORLY NOTES: Billy Coxon of Casa Grande tells us that the highway from Sonoyta, Sonora, to Rocky Point, on the Gulf of California, has been graded from one end to the other, and that oiling is to begin shortly. Coxon now contends that without undue haste it is possible to leave Arizona in the morning, catch a mess of fish, and be back by nightfall for a fish dinner. We pass this information on to sportsmen who may be interested. R. C.

Road Projects Under Construction

AS OF OCTOBER 10, 1940 "Speeding? Who's speeding?"

DISTRICT NO. 1

Joe DeArozena, District Engineer W. E. Orr, Contractor, has a contract for grading and draining the roadway, furnishing and placing crushed select material, constructing one three-span reinforced concrete bridge and other work incidental to the construction of one mile of the Flagstaff-Lake Mary highway, beginning at Lake Mary and extending northwesterly. Construction is to be completed by October 31, 1940. F. A. S. Project 7-B (1) 1989. A. FE. 645. C. S. Benson, resident engineer.

Lee Moor Contracting Co., has a contract for grading and draining the roadway, furnishing and placing aggregate base course, and a Portland cement concrete pavement 22 feet wide with salvaged oil mix shoulders 7 feet wide. The contract begins at the junction of the Flagstaff-Williams and the Flagstaff-Lake Mary Highways in Flagstaff, and extends westerly toward Williams for a distance of approximately 2.6 miles. The work is to be completed by November 30, 1940. F. A. Project 24-A 7 (1941). A. F. E. 6623. C. S. Benson, resident engineer.

Lee Moor Contracting Company, El Paso, Texas, has a contract for grading, draining the roadway, furnishing and placing aggregate base course and a Portland cement concrete pavement 22 feet wide, with salvaged oil mix shoulders 7 feet wide. The contract begins about 8 miles west of Flagstaff and extends northwesterly toward Williams for a distance of approximately 1.5 miles on the Ashfork-Flagstaff highway. The work is to be completed by November 30, 1940. F. A. Project 24-A (6) (1941), A. F. E. 6624. C. S. Benson, resident engineer.

Tanner Construction Company, Phoenix, Arizona, has a contract for grading, and draining the roadway over a re-located line. Placing an aggregate base course and plant mixed bituminous surface, using an (SC-6) road oil. The construction of one 4 span 10'x7'x66' concrete box culvert and the widening of one 2 span 22' concrete box culvert. The construction of one 2 span 8'x4'x44.5' concrete box culvert and the widening of three smaller concrete box culverts; and such other miscellaneous work incidental to the construction of about 9.26 miles of the Ashfork-Seligman highway. Beginning at the Crookton Overpass and extending southeasterly, and is to be completed by October 31, 1940. Federal Aid Project 57 (2) (1940) Α. F. E. 6619. P. F. Glendenning, resident engineer.

Pearson & Dickerson Contractors, Inc., have a contract for grading and draining the roadway; furnishing and placing select material, aggregate base course, plant mixed bituminous surface (using SC-6 road oil) and an emulsified asphaltic seal coat; and salvaging, crushing and relaying old oil mix and penetrating with SC-2 road oil. The contract includes the widening of one concrete deck bridge and other miscellaneous work incidental to the reconstruction of approximately 6.0 miles of a total of 10.6 miles of the Prescott-Phoenix highway, beginning about 24.5 miles southwest of Prescott. This is to be completed by November 30, 1940. Federal Aid Project 72-A (5) 1940. A. F. E. 8908. J. A. Quigley, resident engineer.

Lee Moor Contracting Co., has a contract for the furnishing and placing of aggregate base course and the furnishing and placing of a mixed bituminous surface, using SC-6 road oil plant mix, and other miscellaneous work incidental to the paving of approximately 6.4 miles of the Prescott-Flagstaff highway, beginning at the north rim of Oak Creek Canyon and extending toward Flagstaff. This is to be completed by November 15, 1940. Federal Aid Project 96-G (3) 1940 and 96-H (1) 1940. A. F. E. 7901. C. S. Benson, resident engineer.

State Forces are paving with Portland cement concrete, U. S. Highway 66, Flagstaff Streets. WPA participating. A. F. E. 6625. C. S. Benson, resident engineer.

State Forces are improving by widening and backsloping U. S. Highway 89, PrescottWilhoit. WPA participating. A. F. E. 8933. J. A. Quigley, resident engineer.

J. A. Casson Co. has a contract for grading and draining the roadway; furnishing and placing imported borrow; coarse and fine aggregate base course or select material and a plant mixed bituminous surface using SC-6 road oil and a type B Seal coat. The construction of four small concrete structures and three structures over 20 feet clear span and other work incidental to the construction and relocation of 5 2-3 miles of the Kingman-Boulder Dam Highway. The work is to be completed by January 15, 1941. F. L. Project 2F (1) (1941) A. F. non F. A. projects 102-B & C (1941) A. F. E. 9314. C. E. Bledsoe, Resident Engineer.

Bids have been called for 11:00 A. M., October 25, 1940 for grading and draining the roadway; the construction of four small concrete structures and three multiple span concrete box structures over 20 feet clear span and other work incidental to the realignment of six miles of the Ashfork-Flagstaff Highway beginning at Parks and extending easterly six miles to the present highway near Bellemont. The work is to be completed by April 30, 1941. F. A. Project 89-G (1) (1941) A. F. E. 6622.

U. S. Highway 70, between Duncan and Solomonsville, rebuilt and realigned, is described as a "100 mile an hour highway." New highways in the Arizona system are planned to provide swift driving provisions with utmost safety.

DISTRICT NO. 2

Tiffany Construction Co., has a contract for the furnishing and placing of aggregate base course, and a plant mixed bituminous surface on 10 miles of the Showlow-Springerville Highway, beginning about 16½ miles east of Showlow and extending toward Springerville. The work is to be completed by December 15, 1940. F. A. project 105B (2) (1941) A. F. E. 6010. E. H. West, resident engineer.

Lewis Brothers, Contractors have a contract for grading the roadway, furnishing and placing imported borrow, select material, and a plant mixed bituminous surface using SC-6 road oil; salvaging and relaying the old oil mix on the shoulders; furnishing and applying a Type B seal coat over the full width of roadway, on approximately 5.8 miles of the Mesa-Superior highway, beginning about 6.5 miles southeast of Apache Junction and extending toward Superior; also furnishing and applying a Class A emulsified asphalt flush coat over 4 miles of the same highway, extending from the southeast limit of the plant mix pavement above to Florence Junction. The project is to be completed by September 30, 1940. NonFederal Aid Project 7-A (1940) A. F. E. 8034. R. D. Canfield, resident engineer.

Daley Corporation of San Diego, Calif., has a contract for the construction of an underpass on the Mesa-Casa Grande Ruins highway. It is located on South Mesa boulevard in the city of Mesa.

The underpass consists of a four-lane divided highway structure and will eliminate the crossing of six tracks of the Southern Pacific railroad. The work to be done by the contractor consists of the relocation of the irrigation system; the construction of the underpass and adjacent highway structures, which allows the passing of vehicular traffic parallel to the railroad tracks and over the underpass structure; and the paving of the roadway with Portland cement concrete.

The changes in the public utilities necessitated by the construction of the underpass will be done by the utility company involved.

The financing of the project is principally from Federal Aid grade crossing elimina-tion funds with the city of Mesa providing the right of way.

The project is known as the Mesa-Casa Grande Ruins highway, F. A. G. M. 97-G (21) (on) (Unit 2) (1939-40) A. F. E. 8757. Construction must be completed by April 15, 1941. Jas. A. Parker, resident engineer.

Martin Construction Co. has a contract for the construction of a steel deck girder bridge over the Gila River about ¼ mile north of Safford and for grading and draining of the approaches to the bridge on the SaffordBryce highway. This is to be completed by April 15, 1941. Federal Aid Secondary Pro ject 12-A. (1) (1939-40-41) A. F. E. 646. R. C. Bond, resident engineer.

State forces are constructing a line change on State Route 65, Winslow-Pine highway, consisting of grading, draining, surfacing and fencing, beginning at Coconino National Forest Boundary, and extending north toward Winslow. WPA participating. A. F. E. 6501. F. N. Berg, resident engineer.

State forces are paving with concrete U. S. Highway 70, Superior Streets. WPA participating, A. F. E. 7007. R. D. Canfield, resident engineer.

State forces are resetting highway guard, U. S. 60. WPA participating. A. F. E. 6012. C. B. Browning, resident engineer.

State forces are changing alignment and construction curve west of Buckeye on U. S. 80-WPA participating. A. F. E. 8009. J. A. Parker, resident engineer.

State forces are changing alignment, widening and surfacing on U. S. 60, east of the town of Springerville. WPA participating. A. F. E. 6011. E. N. West, resident engineer.

State Forces are widening with oil and constructing concrete curbs, gutters and sidewalks on State Route Washington Boulevard, 32d St., to Delano Ave. WPA participating. A. F. E. 8018. Jas. A. Parker, resident engineer.

N. G. Hill and Co. have a contract for furnishing and placing coarse and fine aggregate base course and a plant mixed bituminous surface on 18.3 miles of the Showlow-Holbrook highway beginning at Showlow and extending northerly to Snowflake. The work is to be completed by February 15, 1941. F. A. Projects 136 A & B (2) (1941) and non F. A.-136 A. F. E. 7711, 7712, 7713. F. A. Berg, resident engineer.

Warren Southwest Inc. has a contract for furnishing and placing coarse and fine aggregate base course; mixing new and existing base course. Subgrading the roadway and refinishing slopes and furnishing and placing a plant mixed bituminous surface. (open grading) using SC-6 road oil on 9.4 miles of the Showlow-Springerville high-way beginning about 7.1 miles east of Showlow and extending toward Springerville. The work is to be completed by February 15, 1941. F. A. Projects 105 A & H (2) (1941) A. F. E. 6009 and 6014. E. H. West, resident engineer.

Bids have been called for 11:00 A. M., Oct. 11, 1940 for grading and draining the roadway; furnishing and placing coarse and fine aggregate base course and a plant mixed bituminous surface, using SC-6 road oil and the placing of a type B Seal Coat; the construction of seven small concrete structures, one 6 span 10 x 8 concrete box, one 7 span concrete slab deck on concrete piles, one 4 span concrete and steel viaduct, one 5 span concrete viaduct and other work incidental to the construction of 4 1-3 miles One of the newest of Arizona's highways is the rebuilt portion of U. S. 70 between Duncan and Solomonsville. This highway was engineered to allow for maximum sight distance, easy curvature and a wide, safe roadbed.

of the Duncan-Clifton highway beginning 17 miles northwest of Duncan and extending northwesterly toward Clifton. The work is to be completed by September 15, 1941. F. A. Project 138-A (1) (1941) and F. L. Project 15-A (1) (1941) A. F. E. 7509.

DISTRICT NO. 3

J. R. Van Horn, District Engineer White & Miller Contractors, Inc., of Tucson, Arizona, have a contract for grading and draining the roadway; furnishing and placing base course and a road mixed bituminous surface, using SC-4 road oil, and an SC-4 road oil seal coat; and the construction of one seven-continuous span reinforced concrete bridge with one intermediate hinge and other miscellaneous work incidental to the construetion of approximately 6% miles of the Tucson-Tanque-Verde highway. The work begins about 8 miles east of Tucson and extends easterly. The work is to be completed by December 31, 1940. D. J. Lyons, resident engineer. F. Á. S. 8-A (1) (1940) A. F. E. 651.

State forces are grading, draining, surfacing and fencing State Route 82, NogalesPatagonia highway, WPA participating. A. F. E. 8223. S. R. Dysart, resident engineer.

State forces are widening and surfacing shoulders, and filling borrow pits on the Bisbee--Douglas highways, U. S. Route 80, between Forest Ranch and Douglas. A.F.E. 8007. A. J. Gilbert, resident engineer.

Tanner Construction Co. have a contract for grading and draining the roadway; furnishing and placing base material, a plant mixed bituminous surface using SC-6 road oil and a type seal coat. The construction of 14 small concrete or pipe structures and one structure over 20 feet clear span and other work incidental to the construction of 7.1 miles of the Benson-Steins Pass beginning 9½ miles east of Benson and extending toward Willcox. The work is to be completed by August 15, 1941. F. A. Project 137-B (1) (1940 & 41) A. F. E. 8616. P. F. Glendening, resident engineer.

FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION

New Post Office Building Phoenix, Arizona October 1, 1940 G. L. McLane, Senior Highway Engineer.

W. R. F. Wallace, Highway Engineer.

W. P. Wesch, Highway Bridge Engineer, Bridge Engineer.

W. J. Ward, Associate Highway Engineer, Locating Engineer.

R. Thirion, Associate Highway Engineer, Highway Planning Engineer.

J. H. Brannan, Associate Highway Engineer, Supervising Engineer.

E. F. Strickler, Associate Highway Engineer, Supervising Engineer.

R. M. Rutledge, Assistant Highway Engineer, Supervising Engineer.

E. V. Aldrich, Assistant Highway Engineer, Materials Engineer.

PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION PROJECTS IN ARIZONA PROJECTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION-

Route 33, Catalina Mountain Highway, Coronado National Forest Project consists of grading and draining of a highway with prison labor on the south side of the Catalina Mountains, between a point approximately 17 miles northeast of Tucson, Arizona, and Soldier Camp Ranger Station near the summit. Grading has been partially completed from the foot of the mountain to a point 11 miles toward the summit. W. J. Ward, resident engineer.

Jacob Lake-North Rim Approach to Grand Canyon National Park

W. W. Clyde & Company, Springville, Utah, has the contract for placing base course and bituminous treated surfacing on the Jacob Lake-North Rim Approach Road to Grand Canyon National Park; a portion of Grand Canyon Route 3, the Bright-Angel Point-Cape Royal Highway; a portion of Grand Canyon Route 4, the Bright Angel Spring-North Entrance Highway; and the North Rim Headquarters Service Road. Project is 34.489 miles in length. Project is about 95% complete.

PROJECTS COMPLETED-

Route 17, Snowflake-Pinetop Highway, Sitgreaves National Forest George W. Orr, El Paso, Texas, has completed his contract for grading and draining a portion of Section B of Arizona Forest Highway Route 17, Snowflake-Pinetop. The project, totaling 9.774 miles in length, begins one mile southeast of Pinetop and extends northwesterly to Showlow. A 3.175 mile portion of the route in the vicinity of Lakeside constructed under a previous contract was an exception to the project. C. H. Clark, resident engineer.

U. S. 60 and 70, between Wickenburg and Salome, crosses one of the most beautiful desert expanses in southern Arizona. This highway carries a heavy load of traffic between Arizona and California.

Yours Sincerely . . . and Sincerely to You

FIRST ICE CREAM IN ARIZONA: In this connection I have an interesting story, that I just got from Richard Withington Canfield, in regard to his grandmother making the first Ice Cream made in either New Mexico or Arizona in 1854. His grandmother was the wife of Major Hastings of the U.S. Army, who was on his way to one of the Army Posts down in your country. They had seven or eight children; so they took a cow along on their trek and down in those Arizona or New Mexico hills they ran into a hail storm, so she gathered up the stones, took two different sized pails and made ice cream. He says this was a tradition among the army posts for years that Major Hastings wife made the first ice cream down there in the Army service. Hastings, Nebraska was named after the old major.

W. J. Coulter, Middletown, N. Y.

DOWN THE SOUTH AMERICAN WAY: We have a serious complaint to make. There is a riot in this office every time your magazine arrives and we can not cope with the competition there is for obtaining possession of it. You certainly deserve most sincere congratulations on the excellency of your publication. If you find it possible to send extra copies at any time, you may rest assured that they will fall into hands of peonle who will thoroughly appreciate them and who are interested in trav eling to the U.S.A.

Panamerica Travel Service, Eric Pixton, Manager, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Your Arizona Magazine is certainly the finest propaganda matter received during a long, long time. I would be extremely glad if I could see Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado again after about 39 years of absence.

Dr. Emilio Landenberger, Corresponsal "El Mercurio," Lima, Peru.

Arizona Highways is proud and pleased to hear from friends in South America. Each month many copies of this magazine go traveling southward bringing greetings from one America to another.

FOR TRAVEL INFORMATION: Please enter the Automobile Touring Association on your mailing list for future issues of your Arizona Highways. This publication is certainly one of the finest, and no doubt the most interesting, of its kind in the country. I look forward to receiv ing it with even more interest than I do the current magazines to which I subscribe.

Both myself and family have more than a temporary interest in your publication as Mrs. Fiellin and I were married in Phoenix and visit your state whenever vacation time allows.

From office to home is the fate of Arizona Highways.

Our automobile tour routing department recommends Arizona to a great many vacationists each year and Arizona Highways certainly keeps us posted on not only the principal attractions but the "off the beaten path" ones too.Our entire staff sends their compliments to all those responsible for the publishing of Arizona Highways.

Harold C. Fiellin, Vice-Pres., Automobile Touring Association Chicago, Illinois.

THE COUNTRY OF THE SAN JUAN: I was in your office a little over two years ago. I was going to send you some pictures of this country, but haven't got what I wanted, as the photographer that was going to take them has never got time to come down.

My ranch and look this country over.

We have much to see hereabouts, the Monument Valley, Garden of the Gods in Utah, Goosenecks on the San Juan river and a fault that is claimed to be the largest one of its kind in the world, rising 1700 feet above the San Juan river, and many other things that both Utah and Arizona could benefit from if they had the necessary publicity.

C. F. Lee, W-L Ranch, Bluff, Utah.

C. F. Lee of the historic W-L Ranch, near Bluff, Utah, is one of the true frontiersmen of our west today. Accommodations are available for guests at the W-L Ranch. There they will find a great, wild, primitive area, part in Utah and part in Arizona, through which future travelers will blaze new trails. Arizona Highways deems it a duty to tell sometime soon of this region in southern Utah, for so long hidden from the world.

PRAISE FOR METEOR CRATER: In January last, I wrote you a letter requesting information regarding the various parks and scenic wonders of your state which you kindly forwarded to me.

Mrs. Thomas and I have returned from a six weeks tour through the West, much of it being spent in your marvelous State of Arizona. The roads were a delight and the courtesies extended to us by the people of your state will not soon be forgotten.

It might be well to tell you that of all the great things we saw in the West, perhaps the thing that awed us most was the Meteor Crater. We certainly were amazed at its size and want to thank you for making sure that its natural state has not been disturbed.

C. A. THOMAS, Wesel Manufacturing Co., Scranton, Pa.

Meteor Crater, near Winslow, is always a pleasant surprise to the traveler. Made by a Heavenly body hurling itself to Earth, the Crater is a great pit, perhaps the largest imprint on Earth made by some erring fellow traveler in the Universe.