Antoine Leroux

ANTOINE LEROUX Master Trapper and Trail Maker of the Southwest By FRANK C. LOCKWOOD University of Arizona

ANTOINE LEROUX belongs to the generation of Bill Williams, Kit Carson, and Pauline Weaver. He must have been past middle age when we first meet him in southwestern New Mexico moving toward California as chief guide to Lieut.-Col. Philip St. George Cooke and the Mormon Battalion.

While we know that Leroux was much in California and Arizona about the middle of the last century and while we have several landmarks that commemorate his name ample evidence that he was a prominent Southwestern figure between 1845 and 1855 -it is impossible to give a connected and satisfactory account of his life. Some facts we can gather with certainty from the words of scientific men who knew him; namely, that he was a Canadian; that, in 1853, he was already a graybeard; that, for about thirty years previous to that time, he had been a famous trapper, hunter, and guide throughout the Southwest; that for many years his home was in Taos, New Mexico; that he was a friend and associate of "Old" Bill Williams, Pauline Weaver, and Kit Carson; that hewas in Taos during the winter of 1848-ality of Leroux from many vivid 9 when the blighted survivors of Freglimpses that we have of him as he mont's Fourth Expedition reached crossed and re-crossed the desert, to there, all but dead; and that he finally and fro, from New Mexico to California met his death in a snowstorm on the as guide to Cooke, Sitgreaves, Bartlett, plains. and Whipple; and it is my purpose in this article to present him to the reader by means of numerous snapshots made Over Strange Terrain of him as he was engaged, thus, in his However, we are able to form a very accustomed activities. good idea of the character and personAs has been said, we first join company with him in the late autumn of 1846, as he leads the way across the trackless desert toward California. Cooke published an official sketch map of the march, with a tentative route from about our modern Lordsburg, New Mexico, to the San Pedro River. He makes the following entry on this map: "Believed by Mr. Leroux to be an open prairie and a good route if water is found sufficient."

After sending Leroux on in advance, Cooke writes: "Leroux on his second trip has only reached about forty miles from the river. I have no guide that knows anything about the country." Very likely this was true. Indeed, the scout himself stated that he had little knowledge of the region between the Rio Grande and the San Pedro. It is altogether probable, though, that no

ARIZONA HIGHWAYS JUNE, 1933 PHOENIX AND TUCSON CONNECTED BY OIL

Continued from Page 3 A glance at the map will reveal to the Phoenix and Tucson resident a delightful two or three day week-end trip for any season of the year. Along this network of highways lie many of the most celebrated historic and scenic points of the American Southwest. Elevations range from 3,500 to 5,500 feet and climatic conditions are excellent both in summer and in winter.

U. S. 89 from Tucson to Nogales follows closely the line of the old Camino Real, the Royal Road of Spain in the colorful early days of the white man in Arizona. Tucson then was a walled city, probably the only one at that time in what is now the United States, and from that fact it still retains the desig nation Old Pueblo. Nine miles to the south is the celebrated mission of San Xavier del Bac, founded in the year 1700 by Fr. Eusebio Francisco Kino and known as the "Father of Missions." It was one of a chain of institutions through which the early Spanish padres brought Christianity to the Indians of the Southwest. Best preserved of the missions in this part of the country, it has withstood the ravages of the elements and attacks by Indians through a period of more than 200 years and still serves the people for whose benefit it was erected. It was operated by the Jesuit fathers until the year 1751, but after the Jesuits were expelled by the Spaniards it came into the hands of the Franciscan order, by which it is still kept up and tenanted.

Another Historic Mission

Nineteen miles north of Nogales on El Camino Real are the ruins of the mission San Jose de Tumacacori which was established in 1691. This old mission has been made a national monument. Almost destroyed by the Indians in 1840, little has been done since to restore it. Wooden beams in the belfry still bear the marks of flames caused by burning arrows when the building was attacked. Surrounding the ruins are the outlines of a well laidout agricultural plan and indications of a once luxuriant verdure. The village of Tubac, near the site of the mission, is probably the earliest settlement in Arizona. At the terminus of U. S. 89 are the twin cities of Nogales, in Arizona and Sonora, where the boundary line of two nations is marked by a wire fence running down the center of a business thoroughfare "across the street lies Mexico."

On U. S. 80, near Vail and 28 miles from Tucson, is Colossal Cave, a huge cavern hung with stalactites and stalagmites, nestling in the Rincon Mountains and rated as one of Arizona's most spectacular spots of scenic grandeur.

A little farther along is one of the earliest Mormon communities in the state, St. David, with its long rows of giant cottonwoods and its luxuriant acres of irrigated valley.

Most Celebrated Mining Camp

Then, 76 miles from Tucson, lies Tombstone, most celebrated of the early Arizona mining camps, with its Million Dollar Stope, its Bird Cage Theater, its O. K. Corral, its Boot Hill Cemetery and a score of other points of historic interest.

At Bisbee are the immense properties of two great copper mining companies, among them Sacramento Hill, the mountain of copper which has been mined away in a few years time, leaving a pit 437 feet in depth covering an area of 34 acres, producing 9,099,268 tons of ore.

Army Posts, Ancient and Modern

South of State Highway 82 from Tombstone to Nogales lie the Huachuca mountains, the southeast portions of which are known as Nature's Playgrounds, a district of numerous summer resorts. In these mountains also lies the United States military reservation at Fort Huachuca, largest of the regular army posts between El Paso and the western coast. North of HighEast from Douglas along State Highway 81 is the Chiricahua National Monument with its 4000 acres of weird and fantastic rock formations known as the Wonderland of Rocks. Here, through the processes of erosion and the action of the elements, may be found huge peaks and boulders sculptured into almost every conceivable shape, some of them bearing such close likeness to familiar objects and forms as to leave an impression that they have been carved by human hands.

East from Douglas along the Mexican boundary through the famous old Slaughter ranch and across the Pelon-cillo mountains into New Mexico runs the newly constructed Geronimo trail, a road built by co-operative agreement between Cochise County, Arizona, and the United States Forest Service. It traverses a famous cattle raising district along the Mexican border, and runs 36 miles from Douglas through a district of scenic beauty to the New Mexican line at a mountain elevation of 6000 feet, and thence into the Animas Valley region.

On way 82 and Fort Huachuca is the Coronado National Forest.

On 82, a little distance from Sonoita, is the site of one of the earliest military posts in the Southwest and the ruins of another. The first of these was Fort Buchanan, originally established as Camp Moore, an army station of considerable importance, in November, 1856, at that time in the Territory of New Mexico, by Maj. Enoch Steen, 1st U. S. Dragoons, with Companies B, D, G and K of that regiment. The name was changed May 29, 1857, to Fort Buchanan, in honor of President Buchanan. It was destroyed by United States forces on July 23, 1861, at the beginning of the Civil War.

In 1867, Federal forces returned to the district and at a point along Sonoita

Within an Inch of Death

The above picture was first published by the B. F. Goodrich Rubber Co., of Akron to show the importance of reliable tires on motor cars. Just as effectively it illustrates the need for a Reliable, Life-Saving Highway Guard.

Resiliflex Highway Guard

It never shatters on impact-never endangers travelers' lives and limbs with broken members. On the contrary, it presents a wide, smooth surface to hubs and fenders upon which the car will glide along 'till it is brought under control. It saves both car and occupants. It is Strong, Safe and Economical.

Investigate this most practical and useful of highway guards. Examine the numerous successful installations and get the opinions of those responsible for them.

Western Metal Mfg. Co. 16

ARIZONA ACCIDENTS TAKE 31 LIVES

(Continued from Page 9) accidents. Making left turns involved 7½ per cent, parked or standing still 7 per cent, making right turns 3½ per cent.Of the 36 pedestrians killed or inDriving through stop signs, driving on wrong side of road, and failing to signal turns again are the most outstanding of the improper driving charges. Improper driving contributed to over one-third of all accidents.

Defective brakes and improper lights again are the major vehicle defects.

Of all drivers, about 6 per cent were reported as “had been drinking,” which is an increase over the 1932 period when the reports showed 2 per cent. Six drivers fell asleep at their wheels, and 2 of them were involved in fatal accidents. About 8½ per cent of the pedestrians were reported as “had been drinking.”

Day And Night Crashes Even

Very few accidents were caused from faulty roads (only two reports) and wet, snow, or ice contributed to but 6½ per cent of all accidents; all but 3½ per cent were in clear weather.

One-third of all fatal accidents were at night, but daylight was reported on 51 per cent of all accidents.

We still have to admit that we do not get reports from all accidents. Some few police and sheriffs' officers are giving excellent co-operation to our motor patrol, and this office appreciatesthat co-operation inasmuch as we have by necessity been looking to these officers for detailed accident reports. Peace officers should explain to those reporting that the report is strictly for statistical purposes only, and we want every item checked on the accident blank. These reports cannot by law be used to incriminate anyone.

ARIZONA HIGHWAYS

Reports should be mailed into this office at least once every week in order that we may keep our records up-todate. Report blanks will be furnished on request and all old forms not marked Form 327-1256 should be destroyed.

Kingman-Los Angeles Highway Oil Surfaced

Completion by the Arizona Highway Department this month of oil surfacing on Highway 66 from the Gold Road Hill to a point near Onetto Springs in Mohave county gives for the first time a pavement-type road all the way from Kingman to Los Angeles, by way of Topock and Needles. The improvement was one that had become very necessary in recent years due to increasingly heavy traffic.

A highway force will be kept at work on the Gold Road section for some time, building retaining walls on the west side of the hill and widening the rightof-way. A portion of the wall is of a type designed to protect motorists at danger points on the road, being constructed of rock and concrete 18 inches above the grade line of the highway.

With completion of this portion of the road, there are now remaining only two sections of earth highway on U. S. 66 between Kingman and Holbrook. They lie from Kingman to Hackberry

JUNE, 1933 PREHISTORIC ARIZONA AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION

(Continued from Page 6) This earliest agriculture was crude in the extreme, methods and products alike being simple and scanty. Corn and squash were raised, but the tiny ears of corn found in the habitation sites of this period testify to the fact that the men were unversed in any but the most basic methods. Wooden digging and planting sticks were the tools used by these men. The kindly heavens supplied the only water, and that directly to the rather poor and struggling stalk or vine. Slight wonder that among the first designs on pottery should be found the symbol of raindrops dripping out of the skies!

New People Enters Southwest

After some hundreds of years of privation in open caves the Indian learned to make a permanent residence for his family. This new house is indicative of his advancement. He literally burrowed into the ground and built a roof over his head, regardless of the location of the new home site in cave or open country. Perhaps the necessity for more food (hence the necessity for more cultivated fields) was a strong incentive for the development of this second or Pit House period. Also, towards the end of this period, a new element entered Arizona and the Southwest in an altogether new and foreign people. They brought with them the knowledge of the use of cotton; they introduced the “baby board.” They themselves represented a slightly different physical type, for their heads were broad in contrast to the long skulls of the men whom they found here. The amalgamation of the old and new mode for the advancements which characterize the great Pueblo period which followed.

The mixing of the two groups was slow; the advancements in culture were slow, yet advancement was definite. Many rungs in the ladder of culture were left behind, for at the time of greatest development in the true Pueblo Period a widespread and brilliant culture dominated the Southwest. Great pueblos were built in cliffs, on mesa tops and in the wide valleys of these lands. Equally advanced as the architecture was agriculture. As cliff, mesa or valley pueblo structure was adapted to the peculiarity of invironment, so too were agricultural methods.

Able Prehistoric Engineers

In the northern part of Arizona it is likely that dry farming prevailed in the late pueblo phase, just as it survives today among the Hopi. Altitude there is sufficiently great to avoid the intense heat which is more common in Southern Arizona. Therefore, irri gation was not vital, was not the ne cessity that it was in the south. Only one prehistoric irrigation system, a ca nal, has so far been identified in North ern Arizona, and that does not equal in size the more extensive system of Southern Arizona.

The Gila-Salt drainage has, through out historic times, proved to be the most inviting part of the state of Ari zona. The greatest agricultural proj ects belong to this area. An abund ant water supply is the secret of this popularity, for there are parts of the state which offer more choice soil and more pleasant scenery than that of the flat and open lands of the central and western parts of this drainage area. Yet water for irrigation has been and is vi tally essential to the agriculturist of the area in question.

The prehistoric puebloan of the Gila Salt drainage was an engineer as well as an agriculturist. He furthered his agricultural schemes a thousandfold by his ability as engineer. Proof of engi neering skill is seen again and againin architecture, and this as applied to canals, is verified in a statement made by a recent engineer, H. R. Patrick. Patrick made an extensive survey pre paratory to the installation of some of the first canals of the Gila-Salt valley.

He says that "the modern systems of canals in the older settled portions of the valley follow closely the same loca tions, or upon contours, parallel with the canals of the ancient systems, and in many instances the old canal beds have been reconstructed and successfully used and become part of the pres ent system."

Accuracy Without Instruments

Thus the same heads for the canals, a common gradient for many of them and many parallel mains and laterals prove that the prehistoric were familiar with certain engineering facts which we of today have advanced but slightly, If at all. No mechanical devices used by the modern engineer were known to the ancients, yet he quite as accurately regulated the speed of the flow of wa ter, the desired amount, etc.

Quite an elaborate system of canals was developed by the prehistoric pueb loans. Main canals, with branching laterals, formed a network which amply supported an extensive population. In In low water seasons the decreased sup ply was cared for in a small and nar row channel in the bottom of the great er canal. Dams were undoubtedly built ARIZONA HIGHWAYS to divert water from the stream into the main canal and from the main can als into laterals. Thus we see that the main features of modern canals were not unknown to the ancients.

The Southwestern people were in the stone age of culture; they know noth ing of the working of metals. Hence all constructions were the works of typical Stone-Age men, men who work ed with stone hammers, stone picks, Stone knives. Their homes and tools, their ornaments, were made with these stone tools. The canals, too, large and small, were dug out with stone hoes.

Channels varied in size from a few feet in width to as many as sixty or seventy feet. The upper part of the channel was widest; the lower part was narrowed by the sloping banks. Often times in the center bottoms of the main canals a very narrow ditch was excavat ed to carry the diminishing water supply of a low stream. This, surely, was an intelligent conservation on the part of the Indian. Spicing his saner conser vation, however, was a touch of super stition, which one still finds in these old canal beds. Water-worn pebbles were placed along banks and bottoms of canals to entice the water from the river.

An Extensive Civilization

17 Gila-Salt drainage is indicative of a vast population. Again the conserva tive words of Patrick will give one an estimate of canal length and the peo ples they supported: "The longest ca nal is about twelve miles in length, but one of the old systems has about twen ty-eight miles of mains, while in the aggregate there are one hundred and thirty-five miles of main in the ancient systems." Patrick also estimates the acreage under these systems to have been about one hundred and forty thousand acres, and these lands, under cultivation, would support a population of from one hundred and twenty thou sand to one hundred and thirty thou sand. Thus we see that a most extenExtensive civilization occupied and cultivat ed the southern part of Arizona.

The remarkable point about the canals is that, despite the lack of tools, such great projects were actually real ized. Chieftains dreamed of them, and so capably organized their people that they were able to make real their dreams. Perhaps men, women and children were all sent from one or more villages to participate in the great community project. Then each family group returned to its dwelling and nearby raised the corn, beans and squash which made up the fare of the Prehistoric Red Man.

The extent of canal systems in the

ANTOINE LEROUX, TRAPPER AND TRAIL MAKER

Another man knew as much about these uncharted desert spaces as did helittle as that was; and we are led to the conclusion that he was a reliable and resourceful guide even over a terrain that he had never before traversed. Cooke implies as much in this entry of November 6, 1846: "I met one of the guides, whom Leroux, their chief, sent back, ostensibly to settle upon smoke signals, but really, I suspect, because he was of no use. The fellow weighs two hundred pounds, and has been drinking for a week or two; I ordered his discharge." The following notes in Cooke's diary also lead one to believe that, however much or little the old trapper knew about the desert they were then crossing, he did know how to scout: "Leroux arrived, bringing an Apache chief, whom he had managed with difficulty and much address." December 25, the commander writes: "Half an hour before sundown, having long seen Leroux's smoke, indicating he had found grass, I pushed on to examine the ground before dark." A few days previous, the guide had shown great adroitness in throwing a party of Mexicans off the track whom he had run into accidentally, by a story invented on the spot, whereby he was able to get rid of these troublesome natives at once and so get word back to the Battalion that there was danger of a battle before the walled city of Tucson. Leroux accompanied the column clear through to the California coast. Toward the last, he was sent forward with four other guides to carry dispatches and to send back any information of importance that he might observe on the way.

An Adroit Scoutmaster

We next come into contact with Leroux on the Sitgreaves Expedition from Zuni to Fort Yuma on the Colorado River in 1851. He is on familiar ground now; and on many occasions shows both skill and courage. The fact that two Arizona landmarks along the route were named for him give evidence that the explorers thought highly of him. A fork of the Little Colorado that enters from the north not many miles west of the Arizona-New Mexico boundary line is called Leroux in his honor, and, also, an island in the Little Colorado in the same region. A drawing of this island and the surrounding country is included in Sitgreaves' formal report to the Secretary of War, submitted February 7, 1853.

ARIZONA HIGHWAYS

Most interesting of the landmarks that bear his name is a spring under the southwest base of San Francisco Peak. Whipple, whom Leroux accompanied two years later, refers to this spring as being "close to the foot of the San Francisco on the southwest slope. It is in a sheltered nook under the impending mountain. The water is cold and delicious, and there is abundant grazing all about." Whipple added that the surrounding forest, furnishes shade in summer, and material for warmth in winter.

Disabled by Arrow Wound

November 3, 1851, Leroux was wounded in the head and wrist by arrows shot by Indians concealed behind a cluster of rocks; and because of this misfortune he was disabled during the rest of the expedition.

Writing in his diary under date of April 24, 1852, John R. Bartlett, United States commissioner for the running of the boundary line between Mexico and the United States, when he was about to set out from San Diego with his party, across the California desert and then up the Gila says: "I was waited upon by Mr. Antoine Leroux, of New Mexico, the celebrated guide who had conducted Colonel Cooke and his brigade to California in 1846, '47, and who had arrived a short time before with an exploring party under Captain Sitgreaves, which he had conducted by the Zuni River to the Colorado, and thence by Fort Yuma to California. Mr. Leroux now wished to return to New Mexico, and offered me the services of himself and two men, together with several pack and riding mules, for a moderate compensation." Bartlett at once employed Leroux and placed him in charge of the pack train. Later, as it was necessary to procure an additional wagon for the expedition, Leroux was sent to San Bernardino to purchase a wagon from some recently arrived Mormon emigrant. Being well acquainted with the people of this pioneer Mormon town, the old scout was able very promptly and satisfactorily to discharge this duty.

Bartlett placed much confidence in Leroux on this hard journey and his references to him are frequent. Speaking of Leroux's Indian lore, he states that he had been a trapper, hunter, and guide for a very long time and that for twenty-five years his life had been spent in New Mexico. He relates that, on June 22, near Big Horn Mountain, Leroux, who had ridden forward to hunt, came into camp with a fine blacktail deer for the mess.

A Search for Water

The weather was very hot and water exceedingly scarce. June 29 they pushed on into the night trying to find water and grass. "As there was no stopping the pack-mules without relieving them of their burdens, Mr. Leroux said it would be far better to push on until we reached the water and grass; and I determined with my little wagon to keep with him. It was now about two o'clock, and the soldiers as well as the horsemen were so much fatigued, that the wagons were stopped, and all threw themselves down just as they were, to get a little rest on the bare desert, hitching their mules to their waists by their long lariats. I left them and hastened forward with Mr. Leroux and the packs."

The next day matters were still worse, with the thermometer well above 100 degrees. Bartlett writes: "I sent Mr. Leroux up the stream, in search of the two great desiderata for the party, grass and water, and shade if it was to be found. In three or four hours, after making a diligent search through the bottom, he returned and reported that the river was dry as far as he had followed it, and that he had met with no grass." On July 2 two old chiefs made their appearance who recognized Leroux as the one who had guided Colonel Cooke and the Mormon Battalion through this village in the winter of 1847; and Leroux on his part recognized one of these, named Blanco, "as a chief who commanded the Maricopas twenty-five years ago, when a party of hunters and trappers from New Mexico, among whom was Leroux, had a severe fight with them, and escaped narrowly with their lives.

On Familiar Ground On the night of July 13, in a frightful storm of wind, rain, lightning and thunder that caught the party on the desert march between the Pima villages and Tucson, Bartlett "placed Mr. Leroux, who rides a milk-white mule, immediately before mine. His animal could be seen, and all followed him The wind was from the south and

JUNE, 1933 ARIZONA HIGHWAYS

brought the sand directly in our faces. To avoid it was impossible. Not a tree was to be seen; no ravine appeared where we could shelter ourselves; and the nearest mountain was just twenty miles off. Lastly came torrents of rain, and the terrific storm was at its height.

As the expedition rode by the abandoned and crumbling walls of old Calabasas, a hacienda near Tubac, Leroux remarked that he had visited it twenty years before, at which time it was very prosperous, consisting of an immense tract of land under cultivation, with herds of cattle grazing in the neighbor-ing mountains. Bartlett seems to have parted with Leroux at El Paso, which they reached August 17, 1852.

Leroux was in Albuquerque when, on October 5, 1853, Lieutenant A. W. Whipple reached there on his exploration of an overland route to the Pacific near the thirty-fifth parallel. As a good guide was a matter of primary importance, Whipple began to search for such a man. Leroux consented to conduct the party to the Pacific Coast for the sum of $2,400. We have two excellent accounts of this exploration: Whipple's official report to the Secretary of War, and that of H. B. Moll-hausen, topographer and artist attached to the expedition. Leroux's name appears often in the diaries of both men. The following extracts will serve to indicate how important a figure Leroux was on this survey.

Leroux's Spring Named

First, November 16, he was sent to guide a detached party that was setting out to examine the route to Fort De-fiance. December 5, the name Leroux's Fork was given to the bed of a river coming from the north. Whipple en-ters this note in his journal, December 17: "We reached a permanent spring that poured from a hillside and was lost in the grassy plain below. In honor of the guide it was called Leroux's Spring. It is the same to which he conducted Captain Sitgreaves two years since."

While the exploring party was at breakfast the morning of January 29, 1854, a couple of Indians whooped at them from the nearby hills. Two Mexicans were sent out to persuade them to come into camp, but did not succeed. Whipple and Leroux then approached to parley with them. "They examined Leroux pretty closely, and then pointing towards the northwest, indicated that they had seen him before in that direc-tion. The accused blushed, but stoutly denied the fact; at the same time pulling his hat over one side of the head to canceal a wound they had given him two years ago."

Leroux had wandered far and wide through the mountains of the west. He had a good knowledge of the Indian sign language, and understood the Pai-Ute tongue fairly well. On this trip with Whipple, Leroux had a servant a tame Crow Indian. Around the campfire Mollhausen drew from the old scout many thrilling stories of his earlier experiences. He had trapped the Colorado river for beaver many years before, from Yuma to the Virgen River. He knew all the unfortunate members of the Fourth Fremont Expe-dition, and talked with a number of the

19

survivors when they came into Taos after their terrible sufferings.

Apropos of this disastrous expedition, he wrote in 1850: "In the span of twenty or twenty-five years I have been in the habit of crossing and recrossing the Shaouach (Saguache) mountain, and I am per-fectly well acquainted with the country on both sides of it, and the roads across it.. There are but two practicable roads over said mountain, one which bears the name of Robidoux, the other which was discovered and first traveled by myself. Robidoux's road crosses the mountain considerably to the east of my road, and falls on the Tronkaras. The trapper's road, or Indian road, as the one discovered by me is called by the Indians, commences at the Del Norte near where it takes its final western turn, and although the ascent of the mountain is some-what steep, the summit is soon ar-rived at, and the descent practicable at all seasons of the year. This road falls on the Cuchiloke (Cochetopa) a branch of the Compadre; it is well known to most of the hunters and trappers, and Bill Williams has himself traveled it several times in company with me. His knowledge of that part of the country was perfect."

"The course which was taken by Col. Fremont was an impracticable one in winter, and no sensible mountaineer would ever for a moment have enter-tained the idea of taking it as no road ever existed there known either to the trapper or to the Indian."

PHOENIX BLUE PRINT CO.

PHOENIX, ARIZONA

Tycos Equipment

Thermometers Photostat Printing

Hamilton Drawing Material

Drawing Boards Blue Printers

Drafting Room Surveying Instruments

Measuring Tapes

WRICO LETTERING GUIDES

CITY, COUNTY AND STATE MAPS

U. S. G. S. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

HOME BUILDERS' BLDG. Phone 4-2407 128 N. First Ave.

GROSSO'S IF IT IS....

CANDY you like, we have a large assortment to choose from.

ICE CREAM you desire these hot days, we have nine flavors to choose from.

LUNCH you want, don't fail to try our noon plate lunch.

I. P. Loose Leaf Products, Blanks, Books, Office Furniture

HEINZE, BOWEN AND HARRINGTON, Inc.

Everything for the Office

228 W. WASHINGTON ST., PHOENIX, ARIZONA

Phones: 3-8182-4-1376

Filing Equipment

and Supplies

Office

Furniture

HIGHWAY COMMISSION NOTES

(Continued from Page 11) of $300.00, Item 6, field materials and supplies, be $100.00 and Item 7, laboratory repairs, be $700.00. Other Items under AFE 123 were approved as set up.

Items listed under AFE 124, Right-of-Way Division, were approved as set up and it was regularly moved, seconded and carried that one price clerk be stricken from AFE 126, Warehouse, Phoenix.

It was agreed that Item 3, AFE 126, be approved in the amount of $117,500.00 and Item 6, be approved in the amount of $1,400.00. Other items under AFE 126 were approved as listed.

It was regularly moved, seconded and carried (Commissioner Addams vot-ing "no") that the salary of Superintendent of Equipment, under AFE 127, be set up in the amount of $3,600.00 and it was unanimously agreed without objection that the item for extra labor under 127 be cut to $700.00.

The Commission agreed, without objection, that Item 4 under AFE 127, repairs and parts, be set up in the amount of $220,000. Other items listed under AFE 127, Equipment Division, were approved as set up.

It was regularly moved, seconded and carried that items listed under AFE 128, Phoenix Shop and Yard, be approved as set up, with the exception of Item 7, Stock and Parts, which was cut to $84,000.00.

It was unanimously agreed that Item 2, AFE 129, travel, be in the amount of $700.00 and it was regularly moved and carried that Item 4, AFE 129, power and fuel, be cut to $1,000. Item 5, AFE 129, freight, express, postage and telegraph, was set up in the amount of $750.00 and Item 7, stock and parts, was set up in the amount of $27,000. Other items listed under AFE 129 were approved without objection.

It was agreed that under AFE 130, Tucson Shop and Yard, Item 2, travel, be set up in the amount of $200.00, Item 5, freight, express, postage and telegraph, $600.00 and Item 7, stock and parts, $19,000. Other items listed under AFE 130 were approved as set up.

The Commission recessed at 6:00, P. M., May 22, 1933, to reconvene at 8:00 P. M. the same date.

Evening Session

(All members present) It was unanimously agreed that under AFE 131, Holbrook Shop and Yard, Item 2, travel, be set up in the amount of $300, Item 4, power, fuel and water,

ARIZONA HIGHWAYS

$500 and Item 5, freight, express, postage and telegraph, $1,200.00. Other items listed under AFE 131 were approved as set up.

It was unanimously agreed by the Commission that items under AFE 132, Personnel and Labor Division and AFE 133, Industrial Insurance, be approved as set up.

It was regularly moved, seconded and carried (Commissioner Addams voting "no") that Item 1, salaries under AFE 310, Publication Division, be approved in the total amount of $4,440.00. Commissioner Addams voted "no" on the salary of Publicity Director in the amount of $2,400.00. Item 2, AFE 310, travel, was set up in the amount of $750.00 and it was regularly moved, seconded and carried that Item 5, AFE 310, printing of maps, etc., be set up in the amount of $2,000. Other items under AFE 310 were approved by the Commission.

Items set up under AFE 312, State Certification and Dams, were approved without objection, also items under AFE 313, General Right-of-Way Division. AFE 315, Legislative Investigation Expense, was unanimously approved by the Commission in the amount of $5,000.

It was unanimously agreed by the Commission that the salary of the Chief Clerk listed under AFE 320, Motor Vehicle Division, should be set up in the amount of $270.00 per month. Other salary items were approved unanimously by the Commission with the exception of "typist and extra clerks", on which Commissioner Addams voted "no".

Report on License Plates

Commissioner Addams made a report on the making of license plates in the Highway Department, stating a building had been found by Mr. Miller, Mr. Mansfield and himself, that could be used for manufacturing license plates and road signs by extending it to double the size, the cost of which would be approximately $1,000. He stated further the committee wished to go on record as recommending the manufacturing of the plates in Arizona, as it will be more economical and practicable and the amount saved will pay for the equipment in a period of from three to four years.

A motion was made by Commissioner Addams, seconded by Commissioner Mansfield and unanimously carried, that the item of $20,000 remain in the budget for license plates, and upon further investigation and the advice of the Attorney General, if it is found the plates can be made here and the manufacturing plant installed, this sum be extended over a period of three years.

It was unanimously agreed that Item 8, Court Expense, under AFE 320, be set up in the amount of $1,300.00. All other items under AFE 320, Motor Vehicle Division, were approved.

All items under AFE 321, Highway Patrol, were approved as set up with the exception of Item 4, printing, which amount was set up as $750.00.

It was unanimously agreed by the Commission that under AFE 330, Buildings and Shops, Item 1, Phoenix Shop and Equipment, be set up in the amount of $3,000. Item 2 in the amount of $1,500; Item 3, Holbrook Shop and Yard, be approved in the sum of $250; Item 4, Ashfork Shop and Yard, $250.00 and Item 5, Tucson Shop and Yard, $500.00.

The Commission unanimously approved items set up under AFE 311, 332 and 333.

It was agreed by the Commission that the Attorney General be asked for a written opinion on the lending of trucks by the Department to the Reconstruction Finance Committee.

All items listed under AFE 334, Office Furniture and Equipment, were approved as set up, with the exception of Item 10, Motor Vehicle Division, which amount was approved at $1,000.00.

The Commission unanimously approved all items set up under Estimated Expenditures for maintenance during the fiscal year 1933-34.

It was regularly moved, seconded and carried that the following changes be made under Expenditures, Budget 1933-34, Betterment 7% and Non 7% Systems: Greenlee County, AFE 3601, Route 180, $15,000.00 be increased to $18,700; Pima County, Vail-Sonoita Highway, Guard Rail, be added in the amount of $2,000; Yavapai County, AFE 1501, Route 79, Wilhoit-Cottonwood, be increased to $4,000; Items were approved by the Commission as tentatively set up under Expenditures, Construction on the 7% System.

The Commission adjourned at 11:15 P. M., May 22, 1933.

May 23, 1933

The Commission reconvened at 9:00 A. M., May 23, 1933, all members present.

The tentative set-up of expenditures by routes, construction 7% system, was taken under consideration by the Commission.

Commission Addams stated he felt that Greenlee County is entitled to

JUNE, 1933 ARIZONA HIGHWAYS

more money than set up, inasmuch as the unemployment situation in that county is acute, as much so as in any county in the state.

The Commission unanimously agreed to increase F. A. 38, Route 80, Cochise County, Douglas-Rodeo project widening, $20,000, making the total amount $20,100.

A motion was made by Commissioner Addams and unanimously carried that $5,000 for guard fences, as recommended by State Engineer O'Connell, be added to F. A. 79-C, Route 80, Benson-Douglas project, making the total amount $30,000.

It was also unanimously agreed that F. A. 8, Route 80, Maricopa County, Tempe-Mesa project, be increased $5,000, making the total amount $40,000.

A motion was made by Commissioner Barth that $10,000 for seal coat be added to F. A. 74, Route 66, Coconino County, Flagstaff-Winslow project, making the total amount $30,000. The motion was unanimously carried.

Greenlee County Budget

It was regularly moved by Commissioner Addams and seconded by Commissioner Mansfield that $30,700 be added to the Greenlee County budget, to be expended on the road between Clifton and Duncan. After some discussion Commissioner Mansfield temporarily withdrew his second to the motion, stating he did not want to deviate from the seven per cent system.

Commissioner Addams stated he wanted to go on record strongly in favor of doing whatever work is necessary in that county. It was regularly moved by Commissioner Addams, seconded by Commissioner Vyne and unanimously carried that $30,700 be placed in Greenlee County on the road in the vicinity of Clifton, from Clifton to Springerville, State Route 61.

Highway 60

On the recommendation of the State Engineer that $40,000 be set up on Route 180, Globe to Cutter, oil surfacing, a motion was made by Commissioner Mansfield and unanimously carried that $40,000 be taken from F. A. 99-F, Route 60, Globe-Showlow project, and set up on the Globe to Cutter project.

It was regularly moved by Commissioner Mansfield that, in view of statements made to him by Mr. W. A. Sullivan, Secretary of the Highway 60 Association, and due to his own attitude, F. A. 99-F, Route 60, Gila County, Globe-Showlow project, be stricken. The motion was seconded by Commissioner Vyne and carried, Commissioners Addams and Barth voting "no".

Commissioner Addams asked the Commission to reconsider their action in reference to F. A. 99-F, stating the funds already spent on the highway will be wasted unless sufficient funds are provided to make that connection.

Commissioner Dowell stated he was agreeable to putting more money on the highway from Holbrook south to St. Johns, and that he thought the money set up in 99-F could be used in places of more importance.

It was regularly moved by Commissioner Barth and seconded by Commissioner Addams that the Commission reconsider its action and leave $387.300 on 99-F. Commissioner Vyne stated he felt the need of the public was greater for other sections of road than for 99-F and he was opposed to spending any money on that road at this time. Motion failed to carry.

A motion was made by Commissioner Mansfield, seconded by Commissioner Vyne, that $155,000 be set up in F. A. 78-E, Highway 260 in Apache County, Holbrook-Springerville Highway. Commissioner Barth asked the Commission to reconsider this motion, pointing out that $200,000 was set up in the budget last year on F. A. 99-F. Motion carried, Commissioners Addams and Barth voting "no".

It was regularly moved by Commissioner Mansfield and unanimously carried that $148,000 be set up on route 260 in Apache County, St. JohnsSpringerville project.

It was regularly moved by Commissioner Barth, seconded by Commissioner Addams and carried that $1,000 be set up on F. A. 99-F, Gila County, Globe-Showlow project, in order to keep the project open, Commissioner Mansfield voting "no".

A motion was made by Commissioner Addams, seconded by Commissioner Mansfield, and carried unanimously that $136,000 be set up on F. A. 95-F, Route 89, Coconino County on the Flagstaff-Fredonia project.

It was agreed by the Commission that the budget on F. A. 8, TempeMesa project, be increased $5,000, making a total amount of $40,000, also that $25,000 be added to F. A. 81, FlagstaffWinslow Highway, bridge and approaches, making a total of $25,200. The Commission further agreed that $30,000 be added to F. A. 86-A, TucsonNogales Project, making the total on this project $35,000. It was also agreed that $33,300 was to be the total amount set up on F. A. 46-A, Phoenix-Buckeye widening project.

It was regularly moved by Commissioner Mansfield, seconded by Commissioner Addams and unanimously carried that the tentative budget be approved.

It was moved by Commissioner Addams, seconded by Commissioner Mansfield and carried that $10,000 of the money set up on F. A. 46-A, PhoenixBuckeye, be put in Greenlee County on the road north of Clifton, making the total on that road $40,700 and the total amount on the Phoenix-Buckeye project widening $23,300.

The Commission agreed that items set up in the amount of $1,000 for each county for expenditures in the construction of feeder roads be approved.

It was regularly moved, seconded and carried that the tentative budget as revised be adopted.

The Commission adopted a resolution in regard to the abandonment of the Old Tempe Bridge.

The Commission adjourned at 12:05 P. M., May 23, to reconvene on June 19, at 10:00 Α. Μ.

WHERE TROUT ARE MOST ABUNDANT

(Continued from Page 8) Securing the legal bag limits within a few hours time.

Trout are considered one of the gamest species of fish, and many different methods are used in snaring them. Dry and wet fly fishing are no doubt the most popular methods in Arizona waters. Still there are many experts who rely solely on bait fishing, using grasshoppers and worms to entice the unsuspecting Rainbow, and are very successful in obtaining fine catches. It is Advisable for anglers contemplating a trout fishing trip to take with them a good assortment of flies. The trout is quite particular in its choice of food. A person might spend several hours casting along a stream without any luck, and then, change to another color fly and soon be successful in filling his creel.

Fishing in Arizona is good. It is going to be even better. Through cooperation of the Reforestation Forces in the construction of small dams along mountain streams for the protection of young fish during the flood seasons, the sport will be further improved.

LARGE SCIENTIFIC PARTY IS EXPLORING IN ARIZONA

A scientific exploration party, including in its roster several nationally known explorers, is pushing into the fastnesses of the Northern Arizona-Southern Utah section to begin two months' reconnaissance in search of prehistoric lore. The Museum of Northern Arizona at Flagstaff and the University of California at Berkeley are sponsoring the expedition which is directed by Lyndon L. Hargrave of Flagstaff, a museum staff member. The objective is exploration of an area of 700 to 2000 square miles lying about 150 miles northeast of the Grand Canyon of Arizona. The major projects are Monumental Valley, Navajo Mountain, Rainbow Bridge and the cliff dwellings at Betatakin. Keet Seel and Inscription House have been explored, but other parts of the region are believed to hold scientific data of great importance.

The party will first explore along the San Juan river in Southern Utah, traveling by motor car, horseback and by plane. Ansel Hall, chief forester of the national park service with headquarters in Washington, D. C., affiliated with the University of California; Alonzo Pond, formerly of the Roy Chapman Andrews Gobi desert parties, and Mr. Hargrave, an authority on archaeology of the Southwest, are the chief research workers.

The airplane to be used will be piloted by F. N. Naylor of Berkeley, and the photography is to be directed by Robert Kissack, head of the division of visual education at the University of Minnesota. Reports on the topography and scenic features, a base map of the area made by means of triangulations and plane tables, archaeological remains, and geological data will be obtained and presented to the national park service.

The party is scheduled to return to Flagstaff August 15, Mr. Hargrave said.

It's our pleasure to please our customers 24 HOUR STORAGE

ARIZONA HIGHWAYS ALL STATE DEPARTMENTS MUST PAY ROAD WAGE SCALE

The per diem manual and mechanical wage scale fixed by the Arizona state highway commission must apply to all other state departments and political sub-divisions for similar work, accord-ing to a recent ruling by the office of Attorney General Arthur T. La Prade, made at the request of the industrial commission.

Under the terms of Chapter 12 of the 1933 session laws, reads the opinion, written by Charles L. Strouse, deputy attorney general, the state of Arizona or any of its political sub-divisions can-not pay a lower wage scale for manual or mechanical labor than that fixed by the highway commission in its pay schedules for such work.

JUNE, 1933

Prominent among other cities that are now conducting such investigations of accidents by specially designated squads are New York, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Milwaukee, Washington, Minneapolis, Wichita and Evanston.

WHY DAD DIDN'T WORK THAT DAY

The following note was delivered to a school mistress recently: “Dear Mum: I am sorry that Johnny won't be able to come to school today. He has gone with his father to act as timekeeper. The sum you gave Johnny last night was: 'If the embankment is 1¼ miles in length, how long will it take a man to walk that distance 26½ times, his average rate of progress being 3¾ miles per hour?' Johnny ain't a man yet, so as Dad's the

PHILADELPHIA INAUGURATES ACCIDENT INQUIRY SQUADS

After a period of intensive training of officers and preparation of procedure, Philadelphia inaugurated an Accident Investigation Squad of seven picked men on April 19. It was formally inducted into service by Mayor Moore on that date.

The squad will investigate all major motor vehicle accidents for evidence of criminal negligence. It is equipped with cameras for taking photographs of skid marks, damage to vehicles, and other important circumstances of accidents. Measurements will be taken and other information will be assembled to enable the court to visualize each case more clearly.

only man in this house he had to go. “They started at 4 o'clock this morning, and Dad said he'd finish the sum in one day if he could manage it, though it would mean hard going. Dear Mum, next time you want any information, please make it 'woman'; then I can do the sum and Dad can go to his work.” Forbes.

KINGMAN-LOS ANGELES HIGHWAY OIL SURFACED

(Continued from Page 16) and part of the way between Peach Springs and Seligman. There are also four sections of intermediate type improved road. The remainder of the highway from Los Angeles to Holbrook on 66 is oil surfaced or paved.